Epoxide plasticizer

The polarity of the polyethers makes them incompatible with hydrocarbon-type plasticizers, which tend to bleed. Effective plasticizers are ethers such as di(butoxyethoxyethyl)formal [143-29-3] (Thiokors TP-90B), esters such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [117-81-7] dioctyl phthalate (DOP), polyesters such as Paraplex G50 (Rohm and Haas), and ether—esters such as di(butoxyethoxyethyl) adipate [114-17-3] (Thiokol s TP-95). The lower mol wt plasticizers, DOP, TP-90B, and TP-95 improve vulcanizate low temperature performance. The polymeric plasticizers maintain higher temperature and long-term aging properties. Epoxidized plasticizers should be avoided because they interfere with vulcanization. 

Phthalates, 4a in particular, are certainly the most frequently applied plasticizers. Esters of dicarboxylic acids, such as 8 impart very good flexibility at lower temperatures. Aliphatic oligomeric esters are excellent fat-resistant plasticizers. Epoxidized plasticizers provide some co-stabilizing effect to heat stabilizers in PVC and improve oil and water resistance. 

Epoxy plasticizer (epoxides plasticizer) n. Any of a large family of plasticizers obtained by the epoxidation of vegetable oils or fatty acids. The two main types are... 

Epoxy Plasticizer n (epoxides plasticizer) Any of a large family of plasticizers obtained by the epoxidation of vegetable oils or fatty acids. The two main types are (a) epoxidized unsaturated triglycerides, e.g., soybean oil and linseed oil and (b) epoxidized esters of unsaturated fatty acids e.g., oleic acid, or butyl-, octyl-, or decyl- esters. Most epoxy plasticizers have a heat-stabilizing effect and they are often used for stabilization in conjunction with other stabilizers. Epoxidized oils generally have good resistance to extrusion and migration and low volatility, but they cannot be used as sole plasticizers in unfilled vinyl compounds and hence are not considered to be primary plasticizers. Certain epoxidized soybean oils have been FDA-approved for food-contact use. 

Epoxy resins (epoxides) plastics available as liquid and solid resins and moulding compounds, into which large amounts of filler can be incorporated. Used for laminating, coating, adhesives, casting, encapsulation and compression moulding. Applications include cast and encapsulated electrical components, laminated plastics vessels, pipework and printed circuit boards. 

Epoxidized plasticizers also perform the important function of stabilizing PVC. When PVC degrades, HCl is given off that catalyzes further degradation. Not only that, HCl attacks metallic molding machines, molds, extruders, etc. The epoxy plasticizers are made by epoxidizing polyunsaturated vegetable oils ... 

Having their origin in vegetable oils, these epoxidized plasticizers can often obtain FDA clearance for use in food-contact applications. Further advances in plasticizers have been reviewed [25]. 

Bromine is used in the manufacture of many important organic compounds including 1,2-dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide), added to petrol to prevent lead deposition which occurs by decomposition of the anti-knock —lead tetraethyl bromomethane (methyl bromide), a fumigating agent, and several compounds used to reduce flammability of polyester plastics and epoxide resins. Silver(I) bromide is used extensively in the photographic industry... 

Typically, soHd stabilizers utilize natural saturated fatty acid ligands with chain lengths of Cg—C g. Ziac stearate [557-05-1/, ziac neodecanoate [27253-29-8] calcium stearate [1592-23-0] barium stearate [6865-35-6] and cadmium laurate [2605-44-9] are some examples. To complete the package, the soHd products also contain other soHd additives such as polyols, antioxidants, and lubricants. Liquid stabilizers can make use of metal soaps of oleic acid, tall oil acids, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, octylphenol, and nonylphenol. Barium bis(nonylphenate) [41157-58-8] ziac 2-ethyIhexanoate [136-53-8], cadmium 2-ethyIhexanoate [2420-98-6], and overbased barium tallate [68855-79-8] are normally used ia the Hquid formulations along with solubilizers such as plasticizers, phosphites, and/or epoxidized oils. The majority of the Hquid barium—cadmium formulations rely on barium nonylphenate as the source of that metal. There are even some mixed metal stabilizers suppHed as pastes. The U.S. FDA approved calcium—zinc stabilizers are good examples because they contain a mixture of calcium stearate and ziac stearate suspended ia epoxidized soya oil. Table 4 shows examples of typical mixed metal stabilizers. 

Other materials that are often referred to as secondary plasticizers iaclude materials such as epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) and epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and similar materials. These can act as lubricants but also as secondary stabilizers to PVC due to thein epoxy content which can remove HCl from the degrading polymer. 

Group of plastics composed of resins produced by reactions of epoxides or oxiranes with compounds such as amines, phenols, alcohols, carboxylic acids, acid anhydrides and unsaturated compounds. 

Important thermosetting plastics include the phenolics, melamine-formaldehyde, epoxides and polyester resins used in glass-reinforced plastics. (See also Sections 14.5 and 14.9.)... 

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