EPA, establishment

Explain the proeess by which EPA established drinking water quality discharge standards. 

Spent lead-acid battery reclamation Persons who generate, transport, regenerate, collect, and store spent lead-acid batteries prior to reclamation, but do not perform the actual reclamation, are not subject to hazardous waste regulation. U.S. EPA established those provisions to encourage the recycling of these batteries. However, owners and... 

Wastes must be an RCRA hazardous waste in order to be subject to the LDR program. In other words, unless a waste meets the definition of a solid and hazardous waste, its disposal is not regulated under the LDR program. Once a generator identifies its waste as hazardous (either listed, characteristic, or both), the waste is assigned a waste code. When U.S. EPA establishes a treatment standard for the waste code, the waste will then become restricted (i.e., subject to the LDR requirements). RCRA requires that U.S. EPA establish treatment standards for hazardous wastes within six months of promulgating a new listing or characteristic. Until U.S. EPA establishes a treatment standard for a waste, this newly identified or newly listed waste (i.e., waste for which U.S. EPA is yet to establish a treatment... 

If a restricted waste does not meet its applicable treatment standard, it is prohibited from land disposal. Although most wastes become eligible for disposal by meeting the treatment standards, in some instances this may not be possible. For example, there may not be enough treatment capacity to treat a waste, or the concentration level may not be achievable. To address these situations, U.S. EPA established procedures that allow wastes to be disposed of under special circumstances. The following exemptions, variances, and extensions allow wastes to be disposed of without meeting their respective treatment standards or to be treated to a different standard1,2 ... 

Lab packs Laboratories commonly generate small volumes of many different listed hazardous wastes. Rather than manage all these wastes separately, labs often consolidate these small containers into lab packs. Trying to meet the individual treatment standards for every waste contained in a lab pack would be impractical. To ease the compliance burden, U.S. EPA established an ATS for lab packs that allows the whole lab pack to be incinerated, followed by treatment for any metal in the residues. Treatment using this alternative standard satisfies the LDR requirements for all individual wastes in the lab pack. 

Waste accumulated speculatively. In order to encourage recycling of wastes as well as to ensure that materials are recycled and not simply stored to avoid regulation, U.S. EPA established a provision to encourage facilities to recycle sufficient amounts in a timely manner. This provision designates as solid wastes those materials that are accumulated speculatively. 

The trial burn can be seen as the test drive of the incinerator. It is the time when the owner/ operator will bring the unit up to operational readiness, monitor the key operating conditions, and measure the emissions. The trial burn test conditions are based on the operating conditions proposed by the permit applicant in the trial bum plan submitted to U.S. EPA for evaluation. U.S. EPA establishes conditions in the permit necessary to conduct an effective trial bum, meaning that the burn will be representational of the incinerator s intended day-to-day operation and will yield meaningful data for analysis. 

The posttrial bum period is the time for U.S. EPA to evaluate all of the data that were recorded during the incinerator s trial burn. To allow the operation of a hazardous waste incinerator following the completion of the trial bum, U.S. EPA establishes permit conditions sufficient to ensure that the unit will meet the incinerator performance standards. This posttrial burn period is limited to the minimum time required to complete the sampling, analysis, data computation of trial bum results, and the submission of these results to U.S. EPA. 

Tier I The focal point of Tier I is the waste feed. This tier limits the hourly feed rate of individual metals into the combustion device. These limits have been developed by U.S. EPA and can be found in Part 266, Appendix I.5 U.S. EPA established these feed rate limits by considering flue gas flows, stack height, terrain, and land use in the vicinity of the facility. It determined acceptable air quality levels for each type of metal as a function of terrain, stack height, and land use in the vicinity of the facility. This value is also the waste feed rate, as Tier I assumes that 100% of the metals that are fed into the unit will be released into the atmosphere. 

Interim status furnaces are required to comply with all of the performance standards with the exception of the DRE. In addition, U.S. EPA established special interim status requirements for industrial furnaces to ensure adequate combustion of hazardous waste until more stringent, permitted conditions could be established through completion of the facility s trial bum. These conditions include minimum temperatures, assurance of adequate oxygen, and continuous hydrocarbon monitoring. 

CERCLA, or Superfund, was enacted in 1980, and amended in 1986, for the basic purpose of providing funding and enforcement authority to clean up any site where there is a past unremedied release of a hazardous substance or hazardous substance spill. Such sites are typically characterized as areas where hazardous waste or materials have been disposed of improperly, with litde if any responsible action being taken to mitigate the situation. Standards for financial responsibility were promulgated by the SARA of 1986 which further amended Section 9003 of RCRA and mandated that the EPA establish financial responsibility requirements for UST owners and operators to guarantee cost recovery for corrective action and third-party liability caused by accidental releases of USTs containing petroleum products. 

When the normal use of a pesticide on a food crop may pose the potential to leave a food residue, the EPA establishes a tolerance. The tolerance represents the maximum level of a pesticide residue allowed on the food crop. Tolerances are pesticide and crop specific different crops may have different tolerance levels for a particular pesticide, while a particular crop may have different tolerance levels for the different pesticides that may be used on it. 

The 1996 Amendments to SDWA require that every 5 years US-EPA establish a list of contaminants which are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems and may require future regulations under SDWA. The list is developed with significant input from the scientific community and other interested parties. After establishing this contaminant candidate list, US-EPA identifies contaminants, which are priorities for additional research and data gathering. US-EPA uses this... 

In 1971, EPA established New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), which required coal-fired utility boilers built after August 17,1971 to emit no... 

The FDA is responsible for enforcing the EPA-established pesticide tolerances for foods shipped interstate, with the exception of meat and poultry, which are the responsibility of the USDA (30). 

Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Water Quality Act) 1961, amended in 1987 EPA establishes standards for release of contaminants to waterways... 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established regulations for underground storage tanks (USTs) containing petroleum fuels in 1988. These regulations went into effect immediately for any new USTs, and regulations... 

In 1985, EPA established the first environmental standards for disposal of spent fuel and high-level waste in 40 CFR Part 191 (EPA, 1985) these standards were revised in 1993 (EPA, 1993a). The EPA standard was intended to apply to disposal of spent fuel and high-level waste at any site and using any technology. 

In addition to promulgating the treatment standards for most mixed waste in 1990, EPA established a 2 y National Capacity Variance for mixed waste for which there was no available treatment or... 

In a similar vein, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established WaterSense, a voluntary public-private partnership program to promote water-efficient products and services and EnergyStar, a program that promotes energy efficiency. 

To prevent trace level contamination, the EPA established special sampling techniques for trace elements in ambient water in Method 1669 (EPA, 1996c). The EPA also provided the guidance for clean room laboratory analysis and for documentation and evaluation of trace element data (EPA, 1996d EPA, 1996e). 

Be aware that the old oil from a pump (and any solvent used to clean out the old oil) more than likely contains any toxic materials that may have come from the vacuum system. For example, if the system had a McLeod gauge, it is likely that the old oil is contaminated with mercury. The amount of contamination concentration determines how the oil or solvent can be disposed of. Unfortunately, because of the possibility that specific EPA-established concentration levels will change before you read this book, no disposal procedures are provided. Therefore, contact the EPA, or local regulatory agencies, to verify the various toxicity levels and the proper disposal procedures for materials of those levels. 

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