EP oil

Effectiveness of these EP oils can be evaluated by a number of laboratory test units such as those shown in Figure 4. While the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) procedures describe a number of standard test procedures (10), the operating conditions and test specimen materials should be chosen to simulate as nearly as possible those in an appHcation. 

Worm and hypoid gears produce higher oil temperatures because they generate a greater amount of frictional heat. An oil temperature rise of 40°C (104°F) and a maximum oil temperature of 95°C (203°F) is acceptable. With EP oils, it should not exceed 75°C (167°F). 

Warning Worm gear drives operate satisfactorily on R O gear oils, sulfur phosphorus EP oils or lead naphthenate EP oils. These oils, however, should be used only with the approval of the gear manufacturer. 

For the more difficult operations, neat oils containing EP (extreme-pressure) additives have to be used. The EP cutting oils usually contain additives based on sulfur or chlorine, or combinations of them. The sulfur in EP oil can be present in two forms. In the inactive fluid, it is chemically combined with a fatty-oil additive, which is blended with mineral oil to produce sulfured fatty oil. The active version, on the other hand, contains sulfur in elemental form, dissolved in mineral oil the fluid is known as sulfured mineral oil. Chlorine is usually present only as chlorinated paraffin, which is blended sometimes singly with mineral oils and sometimes in combination with fatty oils and sulfured additives. 

EP oil—lubricating oil formulated to withstand extreme pressure (EP) operating conditions. See EP additive. 

Timken EP test—measure of the extreme-pressure properties of a lubricating oil (see EP oil). The test utilizes a Timken machine, which consists of a stationary block pushed upward, by means of a lever arm system, against the rotating outer race of a roller bearing, which is lubricated by the product under test. The test continues under increasing load (pressure) until a measurable wear scar is formed on the block. Timken OK load is the heaviest load that a lubricant can withstand before the block is scored (see scoring). 

Extreme-Pressure (EP) Oils. EP oik are usually high-quaUty petroleum-based oik containing sulfur- and phosphorus-based extreme-pressure additives.These products are especially helpful when high-load conditions exkt and are a must in the lubrication of enclosed hypoid gears. 

Uses SurfaclanL emulsifier, conosion inhibitor, lubricant for oil-sol. applies., culling fluids and sol. oils for metalworking, waterproof greases, heavy-duty EP oils, w/o emulsions, hydraulic fluids... 

Because EP additives ate effective only by chemical action, their general use should be avoided to minimize possible corrosion difficulties and shortened lubricant life in any appHcation where they ate not necessary. For long-time operation of machines, conversion from boundary to hill-film operation is desirable through changes such as higher oil viscosity, lowered loading, or improved surface finish. 

Siace surface reactions iavolved with antiwear and EP additives depend not only on the type of mbbiag materials but also oa operatiag temperature, surface speed, and corrosion questions, selection should be carefully iategrated with the oil type, machine design, and operatiag coaditioas. 

E. E. Berry, L. P. MacDonald, and D. J. Skinner, E.xpenmentalBurning of Waste Oil as a Fuel in Cement Manufacture, Environment/Canada Report No. EPS 4-WP-75-1, Ottawa, Canada, June 1975. 

EP(D)M is not classified as ha2ardous. It is not considered carcinogenic according to OSHA Ha2ard Communications Standard and lARC Monographs. Commonly used paraffinic extender oils contain less than 0.1 wt % polynuclear aromatics PNAs. 

These data for typical properties of EP polymers are either as measured or as advertised by respective manufacturers. This table is not intended to be definitive either in terms of the total grade slate or the specific data reported for each producer. Note that the molecular weight distribution data are based on a qualitative comparison of GPC curves. Mooney viscosities are repotted for final product form (i.e.. in the case of oil-extended rubbers, the viscosity is that of the EP plus oil. 

Rust and oxidation inhibited oils EP lubricants Viscosity (40° o ... 

The performance of soluble oils is made possible not only by their high specific heat and thermal conductivity but by their low viscosity, which permits good penetration into the very fine clearances around the cutting zone. Consequently, these fluids are used mainly where cooling is the primary requirement. Lubricating properties can be improved by polar additives, which are agents that enhance the oiliness or anti-friction characteristics. Further improvements can be effected by EP (extreme-pressure) additives, which are usually compounds of sulfur or chlorine. 

Some of the recently developed high-performance EP soluble oils have a cutting performance that almost matches that of additive-type neat oils, and they are particularly suitable for demanding operations in machine tools whose design allows the use of water-based fluids. 

R. Audebert, P. Maroy, J. Janca, and H. Hendriks. Chemically cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and its applications as a fluid loss control agent in oil fluids. Patent EP 705850, 1998. 

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