Environmental aesthetics

Evolutionary approaches to environmental aesthetics hypothesize that humans prefer places where exploration is easy and which indicate the availability of resources necessary... 

Sustainable development and the multidisciplinary use of the underground are also debated within the electives related to tunnelling and geo-risk management. The speeifieity of these courses is to help to raise awareness among students of any possible ethical, social, environmental, aesthetic, economic and legal implications of their work, to which they will act appropriately. The importance of the human factor and a clear communication line between all parties involved in a construction project is stressed. Site visits also provide the opportunity to introduce non technical issues, to students not willing to follow a full course on the topic. 

Glass assembly for small cross-section joints with filet Will cure Glass assembly with environmental/aesthetic requirements. High ... 

Decide, based on an analysis of the income-yield capacity of the project the change in social conditions and the environmental aesthetics, whether the project should go ahead. (Social values development) Search of relevant, actual and detailed information Obtaining information from the field trip... 

The predominant cellulose ester fiber is cellulose acetate, a partially acetylated cellulose, also called acetate or secondary acetate. It is widely used in textiles because of its attractive economics, bright color, styling versatiUty, and other favorable aesthetic properties. However, its largest commercial appHcation is as the fibrous material in cigarette filters, where its smoke removal properties and contribution to taste make it the standard for the cigarette industry. Cellulose triacetate fiber, also known as primary cellulose acetate, is an almost completely acetylated cellulose. Although it has fiber properties that are different, and in many ways better than cellulose acetate, it is of lower commercial significance primarily because of environmental considerations in fiber preparation. 

A new facihty should be located ia an area that is economically suitable (see Plant location). At the same time, the social, environmental, and aesthetic effects must be considered. These decisions are part of land-use pohcies. As of this writing (1996), there is no national land-use program. However, there are certain laws that cover portions of this decision-making process and some states have such programs. 

Environmental Concerns. Dyes, because they are intensely colored, present special problems in effluent discharge even a very small amount is noticeable. However, the effect is more aesthetically displeasing rather than ha2ardous, eg, red dyes discharged into rivers and oceans. Of more concern is the discharge of toxic heavy metals such as mercury and chromium. 

Environmental Factors These inchrde (I) eqrripment location, (2) available space, (3) ambient conditions, (4) availabuity of adeqrrate rrtilities (i.e., power, water, etc.) and ancillary-system facilities (i.e., waste treatment and disposal, etc.), (5) maximrrm aUowable emission (air polhrtion codes), (6) aesthetic considerations (i.e., visible steam or water-vapor phrme, etc.), (7) contribrrtions of the air-poUrrtion-control system to wastewater and land poUrrtion, and (8) contribrrtion of the air-poUrrtion-control system to plant noise levels. 

The design and layout of the physical facihties that make up the processing-plant flow sheet are an important aspect in the implementation and successful operation of such systems. Important factors that must be considered in the design and layout of such systems include (1) process performance efficiency, (2) rehability and flexibihty, (3) ease and economy of operation, (4) aesthetics, and (5) environmental controls. 

Not all decisions are made on the basis of economics alone. Consumers choose capital investments on the basis of efficiency, aesthetics and perceived benefits. An important environmental benefit of hybrid cars is the reduction in emissions. This is of particular relevance to an environmentally conscious consumer, and may shift the choice even though the benefit to the consumer is difficult to measure m dollars. 

Underground transmission lines are preferred in places where rights-of-way are severely limited because they can be placed much closer together than overhead lines. They are also favored for aesthetic reasons. They may be directly buried in the soil, buried in protective steel or plastic pipes, or placed in subterranean tunnels. The conductors are usually contained within plastic insulation encased in a thin metallic sheath. The conductors enclosed in steel pipes may be immersed in oil, which may be circulated for cooling purposes. For all types of underground lines, the capacitance is higher than for overhead lines, and the power transfer capability is usually limited by the resistive losses instead of the inductance. Wliile not exposed to environmental... 

In planning a drilling operation, the location and access are primarily keyed to environmental decisions. The access and location must be able to maintain the traffic load, and also mitigate any impact on local resources such as flora, fauna, cultural and aesthetic. In certain instances, the preparation of an environmental assessment followed by a environmental impact statement may be considered warranted due to proximate ... 

The principal areas where cooling design is affected by environmental requirements are visual and audible (i.e. aesthetic (plume) and noise). 

Such processing-induced residual stresses that influence properties as mechanical, physical, environmental, and aesthetic factors (which also exist in other materials like metals and ceramics) can have favorable or unfavorable effects, depending on the application of the load with respect to the direction of the stresses or orientation. 

These coatings provide the most effective fire-resistant system available but originally were deficient in paint color properties. Since, historically, the intumescence producing chemicals were quite water-soluble, coatings based thereon did not meet the shipping can stability, ease of application, environmental resistance, or aesthetic appeal required of a good protective coating. 

The application of containment—the presumptive remedy—often requires the design and installation of a landfill cover. Other common components, such as landfill gas management, groundwater treatment or containment, and collection and disposal of leachate, may also be required. Landfill covers may offer several environmental benefits (minimize erosion, prevent occurrence of disease vectors and other nuisances, and meet aesthetic and other end-use purposes), but they are based on three primary goals.1415... 

The high visibility of water-soluble dyes released to the environment ensures that only extremely low concentrations in watercourses would not be noticed. A typical visibility limit in a river would be about 0.1 to 1 mg/1, but this varies with the colour, illumination and degree of clarity of the water. The human eye can detect a reactive dye concentration as low as 0.005 mg/1 in pure water, particularly in the red to violet hue sector [88]. There is considerable debate, however, about what level of environmental hazard is represented per se by colour in effluent. The view has been expressed that dyestuffs should not be regarded as water pollutants because at concentrations of the same order of magnitude as these visibility limits their harmful effects are negligible [89]. Nevertheless, even though this colour problem is mainly if not entirely an aesthetic one, the fact is that the general public will not tolerate coloured amenity water and the problem therefore has to be addressed and rectified [90,91,92],... 

We constantly value what we perceive as beautiful, ugly, repulsive, frightening, sinister, cute, and the like. Much of this appreciation is indeed acquired, templates being fixated in imprint-like fashion. There are however strong indications that many templates come preformed in our innate outfit. Such is the case with some of those concerning the aesthetic appeal of human facial and other bodily characteristics. Others concern environmental features. Thus human beings exhibit an aesthetic preference for plants (Phyto-philia) which reflect an archetypical imprint on features of the environment. 

The above examples have shown that laboratory studies carried out under eontrolled conditions are important for gaining an understanding of the processes and mechanisms involved in plant acclimation to environmental stresses. The results of these studies, besides being of academic interest, can also inform the development of phytoremedation technology. We anticipate seeing the cultivation of plants not only for aesthetic and landscape architecture reasons, but also for the rescue of polluted sites. 

To answer they behave that way because the lawn is important to them is entirely unsatisfactory. Why do we want what we want What places demands on us neighbors, large companies, family, and even the turfgrass itself How do we come to understand and trade-off our aesthetics, environmental values, and community desires What are the implications for our health and our communities In this sense, the questions that need to be asked extend beyond the boundaries of the lawn, to something larger in our ecological polity. 

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