Aesthetic properties

In this order the article properties of textile products will be discussed. 

In this category belong the properties that determine the reactions (perceptions) of the senses the eye (colour, lustre, covering power, appearance), and the tactile sense, viz. the tactile corpuscles of the skin (handle). While the aesthetic properties are influenced by the intrinsic properties, they depend much more on the added properties, that is to say on those obtained during processing, as is clearly shown in Table 27.1. The correlation of the aesthetic properties with the intrinsic and added properties is very complex and only partly understood. As matters stand at present, they are more qualitative than quantitative. The main aesthetic properties are considered below. 

TABLE 27.1 General correlation of aesthetic properties with intrinsic and added properties 

Properties Whiteness and colour Lustre and gloss Covering power Handle and drape 

Colour is very important, but it normally is an added property it is obtained by a dyeing process. Brilliant colours are the most popular but the most difficult to obtain. They can be realised only if the polymer itself is water-white (colourless). It is necessary that the whiteness is also maintained during processing and after treatment yellowing of the polymer as such severely affects the appearance of the coloured product. 

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The predominant cellulose ester fiber is cellulose acetate, a partially acetylated cellulose, also called acetate or secondary acetate. It is widely used in textiles because of its attractive economics, bright color, styling versatiUty, and other favorable aesthetic properties. However, its largest commercial appHcation is as the fibrous material in cigarette filters, where its smoke removal properties and contribution to taste make it the standard for the cigarette industry. Cellulose triacetate fiber, also known as primary cellulose acetate, is an almost completely acetylated cellulose. Although it has fiber properties that are different, and in many ways better than cellulose acetate, it is of lower commercial significance primarily because of environmental considerations in fiber preparation. 

Aesthetic properties are of greatest concern in decorative laminates. These include gloss, appearance, cleanabiUty, wear resistance, stain resistance, and other surface properties. Physical properties are of most importance for industrial laminates. These include strength, electrical and thermal properties, expansion coefficient, and punchabiUty. The definitions of the laminate grades in these standards foUow. 

As engineered stmctures, nonwovens can be designed to have appearances, textures, and other aesthetic properties comparable to traditional wovens and knits, and performance and functional properties superior to traditional wovens and knits. Nonwovens are, indeed, a distinct class of fiber-based materials with the characteristics of fabric and many of its useful properties. 

The fabric may also be given one or more of a number of other finishing treatments, either ia tandem with web formation and bonding or off-line as a separate operation, as a means of enhancing fabric performance or aesthetic properties. Performance properties iaclude functional characteristics such as moisture transport, absorbency, or repeUency flame retardancy electrical conductivity or static propensity abrasion resistance and frictional behavior. Aesthetic properties iaclude appearance, surface texture, and smell. 

Diverse appHcations for the fabric sometimes demand specialized tests such as for moisture vapor, Hquid transport barrier to fluids, coefficient of friction, seam strength, resistance to sunlight, oxidation and burning, and/or comparative aesthetic properties. Most properties can be deterrnined using standardized test procedures which have been pubHshed as nonwoven standards by INDA (9). A comparison of typical physical properties for selected spunbonded products is shown in Table 2. 

Aesthetic properties thermoplastics allow much more design freedom than paper, cardboard, wood, glass, metals and other conventional materials. 

These two are used either separately or as a mixture. Because of the presence of the somewhat flexible ethylene oxide and related units and use of appropriate fillers, these materials give composite fillings with lower polymerization shrinkage, enhanced mechanical properties, lower solubility and water adsorption, better thermal expansion characteristics, and good biocompatibility with aesthetic properties closely matching those of the tooth itself. 

Aesthetic properties snch as color, transparency, printability, scuff resistance... 

A Aesthetic Properties of Candidate Polymers. Other desirable properties belong to the category of aesthetics and consumer acceptance. These properties include... 

Stevens, M. P. 1993. Polymer additives. EL Chemical and aesthetic property modifiers. Journal of Chemical Education 70 (7) 535-38. 

Aesthetic properties, 52,875 Affinity coefficient, 682 Aging time, 440 Alternating copolymers, 15,16 Amorphous phase, 32 Andrade s equation, 603, 608 Angle, Brewster, 298 contact, 232 phase, 39... 

Gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), 19 Gel-spinning, 730 Gel-spun yams, 735 General correlation of aesthetic properties, 876 maintenance properties, 883 use (performance) properties, 878 General description of polymer-penetrant system, 695... 

The main function of an enamel coating is to protect the metal from corrosion, also at elevated temperatures, while simultaneously improving the appearance of the product. The first to be applied is usually the so-called ground coat which provides adherence to the metal, which is then followed by the cover coat which has the required protective and aesthetic properties. 

Poznak, A. van, et al. Aesthetic properties of a series of fluorinated compounds. Toxikol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2, 374 (1960). 

In tropical countries like India synthetic fibres blended with cellulosic fibres fabrics are very popular due to their excellent combination of aesthetic properties and easy care properties. Thus, bleaching of blended fibre fabrics before further processing is an important step. Many of the preparatory processes used for natural and synthetic fibres have little or no application in preparation of blended fibre fabircs. 

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