Fire resistance systems

These coatings provide the most effective fire-resistant system available but originally were deficient in paint color properties. Since, historically, the intumescence producing chemicals were quite water-soluble, coatings based thereon did not meet the shipping can stability, ease of application, environmental resistance, or aesthetic appeal required of a good protective coating. 

Structural steel shall be protected with a 3-hour rated fire resistive system per UL 1709. 

Fire resistant systems => for fire compartment areas... 

Mitsuharu Ohsawa, Group Leader, Fire Resistance Systems Group of Kenzai Techno Research Center... 

Elame-spread and smoke-density values, and the less often reported fuel-contributed semiquantitive results of the ASTM E84 test and the limited oxygen index (LOI) laboratory test, are more often used to compare fire performance of ceUular plastics. AH building codes requite that ceUular plastics be protected by inner or outer sheathings or be housed in systems aH with a specified minimum total fire resistance. Absolute incombustibHity cannot be attained in practice and often is not requited. The system approach to protecting the more combustible materials affords adequate safety in the buildings by aHowing the occupant sufficient time to evacuate before combustion of the protected ceUular plastic. 

Fire and Wind Hazards. Weather resistance of roof covetings is not necessarily correlated to fire and wiad resistance. Underwriters Laboratory and the Factory Mutual System test and rate fire and wiad hazard resistance, and some durabiUty tests. Organic felt or fiber glass mat base shingles are commonly manufactured to meet minimum UL requirements, which, ia addition to minimum mass, require wiad and fire resistance properties. 

The fire death rate in the United States is decreasing, dropping from a rate of 76 per million in the 1940s, when most constmction and decorative products were made of natural materials, to 29 per million in the 1980s, by which time, PVC had replaced natural materials in numerous appHcations (189). This downward trend can be attributed in large part to improved building codes and the broader use of sprinkler systems and smoke detectors. However, the increased use of more fire-resistant materials, such as PVC, deserves part of the credit for this improvement. 

Chlorinated paraffins are versatile materials and are used in widely differing appHcations. As cost-effective plasticizers, they are employed in plastics particularly PVC, mbbers, surface coatings, adhesives, and sealants. Where required they impart the additional features of fire retardance, and chemical and water resistance. In conjunction with antimony trioxide, they constitute one of the most cost-effective fire-retardant systems for polymeric materials, textiles, surface coatings, and paper products. Chlorinated paraffins are also employed as components in fat Hquors used in the leather industry, as extreme pressure additives in metal-working lubricants, and as solvents in carbonless copying paper. 

Applications. Initial appHcations have been largely in military and aerospace areas. These include hydrauHc seals for military aircraft and fuel seals and diaphragms for both military and civiHan aircraft. Shock mounts for EZ are used on aircraft engines. Large fabric-reinforced boot seals are used in the air intake system on the M-1 tank. The material s useful temperature range, fuel and fatigue resistance, and fire resistance were determining factors in this appHcation. 

These systems must be inherently reliable and safe, particularly from the point of view of fire protection, and fire-resistant fluids can be used for control systems in order to reduce this risk. Fire-detection and fire-fighting systems should always be provided for any turbogenerator installation. 

The thermal and UV resistance will depend on the stabiliser systems used. The hardness of the coating will depend on the amount and type of plasticiser used. Correct selection of the plasticiser can permit the use of the plastisols at high or low temperatures, provide fire resistance or oil resistance. Plastisols can be produced in a range of gloss levels from 80 units down to 10 gloss units. 

Systems for backing up data are required. There are a variety of media that will meet the requirement. The decision should be based on logistics, resources, and systems already in place. Some appropriate back-up media are floppy disks, zip drives, additional hard drives, network server and CD-ROMs. Data must be backed up at least once per day on the day that original raw data are entered into the program. Ideally, backed-up data should be stored in a fire-resistant, secure area or a secure location separate from where the primary data are stored. 

Following are some examples of passive safety systems to reduce the likelihood of explosions in storage units. The use of baffles in a high-pressure storage vessel can cool the tank wall above the liquid surface via liquid pumped around by vapor bubbles, extending the time for fire fighting. Fire resistant tank insulation is also effective in delaying a BLEVE. 

Mitigation measures can also be passive safeguards, meaning that they require no human intervention and no engineered sensing and actuation system to work. Examples of passive mitigation measures are secondary containment systems, blast-resistant and fire-resistant structures, insulated or low-heat-capacity spill surfaces to reduce the rate of evaporation, and an increased distance between the hazardous materials and energies and the sensitive receptors. 

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