Emulsions mineral processing

Dithiobenzoic acid metal complexes, 2, 646 colours, 2, 646 Dithiobiuret metal complexes, 2, 640 Dithiocarbamates chelating resins mineral processing, 6,826 Dithiocarbamic acid metal complexes, 2,585 amine exchange, 1,428 photographic emulsions, 6,98 nickel poisoning, 6,768 tellurium(Il) complexes photothermography, 6,121 Dithiocarbazic acid metal complexes, 2,803 Dithiocarbimic acid metal complexes, 2,588 Dithiocarbimic acid, cyano-metal complexes, 2,808 Dithiocarboxylic acids metal complexes, 2,646 Dithiodiacetic acid metal complexes, 2, 806 Dithiodiketones... 

Traditionally, monolayer and multilayer adsorption have been used in detergency, mineral processing, flotation, stability of food and pharmaceutical emulsions, and the like, and, as a consequence, the topics of this chapter have been a central part of colloid science. In recent years, however, research on monolayer and multilayer deposition has mushroomed rapidly because of significant new opportunities. 

Flocculation - [ACRYLAMIDE POLYMERS] (Vol 1) - [FLOCCULATING AGENTS] (Vol 11) - [SEDIMENTATION] (Vol 21) -dye water effluent treatment [DYES, ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY] (Vol 8) -of emulsions [EMULSIONS] (Vol 9) -minerals processing [MINERALS RECOVERY AND PROCESSING] (Vol 16) -PEO in [POLYETHERS - ETHYLENE OXIDE POLYMERS] (Vol 19) -useofethyleneimines [IMINES,CYCLIC] (Voll4) -useofSCFs [SUPERCRITICALFLUIDS] (Vol 23) -water treatment for steam prdn [STEAM] (Vol 22)... 

Many of the applications of colloid and interface science to the mining and mineral processing industry can be found in the hydrotransport, flotation, and tailings processes. Although suspensions feature prominently in each of these, a range of emulsions, foams and suspensions can be found in this industry. Some examples are given in Table 10.1. 

Table 10.1 Some emulsions, foams, and suspensions in mineral processing. ...

Many oils, particularly those of vegetable origin, are liable to autooxidation with subsequent rancidity, and it is frequently necessary to add an antioxidant and/or preservative to inhibit this degradation process. For externally applied emulsions, mineral oils, either alone or combined with soft or hard paraffins, are widely used both as the vehicle for the drug and for their occlusive and sensory characteristics. The most widely used oils in oral preparations are non-biodegradable mineral and castor oils that provide a local laxative effect, and fish liver oils or various fixed oils of vegetable origin (e.g., arachis, cottonseed, and maize oils) as nutritional supplements. 

Adol . [Sherex] Fatty alct ols coemulsifier, lubricant, foam control agent, cosolvent, plasticizer, stabilizer, emollient, intermediate for metal lubricants, inks, textiles, emulsions, paper, cosmetics, mineral processing, oil field chemicals, detergoits, fabric softeners. 

Another class of extenders used widely in coating applications is calcium carbonate (CaCOj). Yu et al. recently reported the preparation of CaCOj/polystyrene composite particles using a polymerizable silane derivative previously attached onto the mineral surface [143]. The pretreated CaCOj particles were shown to act as comonomers during the emulsion polymerization process in similar manner as discussed previously for the case of silica. 

Descriptions and discussions of gravity sedimentation in textbooks (and this one is no exception) are usually dominated by water treatment and mineral processing applications. One must not lose sight, however, of the many chemical, pharmaceutical, nuclear, petrochemical or petroleum applications where gravity settling is used to resolve emulsions or to separate other liquid-liquid dispersions. As the density difference in such cases is nearly always low, the benefits of coalescence are usually sought. The present book, as per its title, is concerned primarily with solid-liquid systems and a reader interested in separation of liquid-liquid dispersions is referred to an excellent review of such applications (and of electrostatic coalescence)... 

The synthetic cationic polymers are of three types ammonium (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary), sulfonium, and phosphonium compounds (Fig. 14) [25]. Of these, the ammonium-based polymers constitute a large class of materials with diverse applications [papermaking, mineral processing, petroleum recovery, stabilizers for emulsion poly-... 

Tribocorrosion leads to irreversible transformation of materials or of their functions because of the simultaneous mechanical and chemical/electrochemical interactions between surfaces in relative motion. Tribocorrosion degradation affects components in numerous industries such as mining, mineral processing, biomedical, automobile, food, nuclear, offshore, marine, oil and gas production, etc. However, it is found to be beneficial in chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) of wafers in the electronics industry and in metal grinding or cutting in presence of aqueous emulsions. Hence, it is important to understand the interaction of mechanical wear and chemical/electrochemical processes with each other, either to prevent tribocorrosion or to use it effectively in applications such as CMP and metal grinding/cutting. 

Uses Coemulsifier, lubricanL foam control agenL cosolvent, plasticizer, stabilizer, emollient, intermediate for metal lubricants, inks, textiles, emulsions, paper, cosmetics, mineral processing, oil field chemicals, fabric softeners Properties Lovibond 5YA).5R max. sol. in fatty alcohols, IRA, benzene, trichloroethylene, acetone, turpentine, VMP naphtha, kerosene. It. min. oil m.w. 247 sp.gr. 0.815 (60/25 C) m.p. 45-50 C acid no. 1.0 max. sapon. no. 3.0 max. 

Uses Coemulsifier lubricant foam control agent cosolvent plasticizer stabilizer intermediate metal lubricants inks textiles emulsions paper mineral processing oil feld chemicals fabric softener emollient, vise, control agent for cosmetics, skin care emulsions, pharmaceuticals Reguiatory Canada DSL... 

Many applications in mineral processing, food science, paper making, and so on involve the vigorous stirring of colloidal dispersions or emulsions. The interacting interfaces are not stationary but move relative to each other. Then, hydrodynamic forces can be significant, sometimes even dominant. 

Some hquid defoamers are preemulsified relatives of paste defoamers. In addition to the fatty components mentioned above, kerosene [8008-20-6] or an organic cosolvent such as 2-propanol have been used to enhance stabiUty of the oil—water emulsion and the solubiUty of the defoamer s active ingredients. These cosolvents are used less frequently as concerns increase about volatile organic emissions (VOCs) from the paper machine. Additionally, the use of ultrapure mineral oil in defoamers has become commonplace. Concern about the creation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) in the pulping process has led to the discovery of unchlorinated precursor molecules, especially in recycled mineral oil and other organic cosolvents used in defoamer formulations (28). In 1995 the mineral oil that is used is essentially free of dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran. In addition, owing to both the concern about these oils and the fluctuating cost of raw materials, the trend in paper machine defoamers is toward water-based defoamers (29). 

Mixing of latex compounds is accompHshed by stirring ingredients into the latex in the form of water solutions, dispersions, or emulsions. Although the mbber softeners needed to process dry mbber are not necessary for latex, use of emulsified softeners or polymeric plasticizers in natural or synthetic latex compounds provides lower modulus in the finished products. This reduces hand fatigue and increases touch sensitivity in dipped mbber gloves. Mineral oils are also used as an economy. 

Elastomeric Fibers. Elastomeric fibers are polyurethanes combiaed with other nonelastic fibers to produce fabrics with controlled elasticity (see Fibers, elastomeric). Processing chemicals must be carefully selected to protect all fibers present ia the blend. Prior to scouriag, the fabrics are normally steamed to relax uneven tensions placed on the fibers duriag weaving. Scouriag, which is used to remove lubricants and siting, is normally conducted with aqueous solutions of synthetic detergents and tetrasodium pyrophosphate, with aqueous emulsions of perchloroethylene or with mineral spidts and sodium pyrophosphate. 

---