Mineralization biodegradation

Alexander55 identifies six major kinds of biodegradation mineralization, cometabolism, detoxification, transtoxification, activation, and defusing. Table 20.10 describes each of these processes and gives examples. 

Mass chromatography of mlz 146 and 148 and mlz 180 and 182 is shown to be highly selective for di- and trichlorobenzenes. These components are only present in relatively minor amounts. A mass chromatogram at mlz 88 showed the presence of the rather volatile compound dioxane. This sediment sample obviously is heavily polluted with non-biodegraded mineral oil fractions and a number of other components (i.e. stearic acid, chlorinated benzenes), which point to spills of numerous bulk chemicals. 

In 2005, UK mineral water brand Belu launched the UK s first biodegradable mineral water bottle made of PLA. The company chose biodegradable plastics as a means of enhancing its environmental credentials. The new bottle is available through outlets that already stock the brand, including the Waitrose retail chain, London restaurants and clubs such as Nobu, Sketch and the Groucho Club. 

Many oils, particularly those of vegetable origin, are liable to autooxidation with subsequent rancidity, and it is frequently necessary to add an antioxidant and/or preservative to inhibit this degradation process. For externally applied emulsions, mineral oils, either alone or combined with soft or hard paraffins, are widely used both as the vehicle for the drug and for their occlusive and sensory characteristics. The most widely used oils in oral preparations are non-biodegradable mineral and castor oils that provide a local laxative effect, and fish liver oils or various fixed oils of vegetable origin (e.g., arachis, cottonseed, and maize oils) as nutritional supplements. 

APE Biodegradation. Primary biodegradation of APE, both linear and branched, occurs with proper time and acclimation of degraders. However, complete or ultimate biodegradation (mineralization) has not been consistently noted in biodegradation studies, and when mineralization is unequivocally observed, it is slower compared to many other surfactants. Even the linear APE show reduced rates of ultimate biodegradation. 

The synergistic potential in mixtures with other surfactants as well as with other functional ingredients The high solubility in aqueous solution The superior biodegradability down to complete mineralization... 

Biodegradable polymers are polymers that imdergo microbially induced chain scission leading to mineralization. Biodegradable polymers may not been produced from bio-source only, but it can be derived from the petroleum source (Ray and Bousmina, 2005). Efforts... 

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