Electrophysiology receptor cells

Moss R.L., Flynn R.E., Shi J Shen X.M., et al. (1998). Electrophysiological and biochemical responses of mouse vomeronasal receptor cells to urine-derived compounds possible mechanism of action. Chem Senses 23, 483-489. 

Lobster chemoreceptor cells show a great diversity of filter properties. Electrophysiological measurements show that each receptor cell is tuned not only to one or a few preferred compounds (12, 13) but also to a preferred frequency (14, 15). Temporal resolution in chemoreception is affected by at least five different stimulus parameters rate of stimulus concentration increase (= pulse slope), amplitude and duration of a... 

P americana is one of just a few species of insects in which both peripheral and central olfactory processing have been studied. In contrast to many short-lived lepidopterans, in which the male antenna is highly specialized for sex pheromone reception, the antennae of male cockroaches contain numerous food-responsive sensilla. In addition to olfactory sensilla, the antennae also house mechano-, hygro-and thermoreceptors, as well as contact chemoreceptors (Schaller, 1978 review Boeckh et al., 1984). Extensive ultrastructural and electrophysiological evidence has demonstrated that morphologically defined sensillum types house receptor cells of specific functional types (Sass, 1976, 1978, 1983 Schaller, 1978 Selzer, 1981, 1984 review Boeckh and Ernst, 1987). Boeckh and Ernst (1987) defined 25 types of cell according to their odor spectra, but of the 65 500 chemo- and mechanosensory sensilla on the antenna of adult male P. americana, an estimated 37 000 house cells that respond to periplanone-A and periplanone-B. 

Ache and coworkers demonstrated that both cyclic nucleotides and inositol phosphates mediate the transduction of environmental chemical signals by the olfactory neurons of P. argus.62 65 Both biochemical and molecular biological techniques have shown that the receptor cells contain various G-protein subunits that would be necessary for signal detection by G-protein-associated chemoreceptors.48 49 66-69 In combination with electrophysiological studies,... 

Electrophysiological studies of the smell and taste systems of fish have likewise demonstrated chemoreceptor cells that are responsive, with varying degrees of specificity, to the amino acids known to elicit feeding behavior.73 75 In addition, a number of fish have receptor cells that respond to bile acids, amphipathic steroid compounds that are used as digestive detergents and that can be released into the environment in substantial quantities. Responses can exhibit both exquisite specificity for the structure of a bile acid, and extreme sensitivity, as best exemplified by the sea lamprey.76 77... 

It has been recognised for some time that certain insect species have the ability to perceive ecdysteroids [38,116,117], This is probably a general phenomenon for many phytophagous insect species, which would encounter phytoecdysteroids in their diets [26], Only recently have more extensive electrophysiological studies on ecdysteroid taste receptor cells been performed [40,118], but very little is currently known about their specificity [119], This will clearly be an important area for future research, if ecdysteroids (or their analogues) are to be developed further as crop protection agents. 

OBP) to elicit an olfactory response. The LUSH protein was found to cocrystallize with small alcohols and to bind a variety of ligands (Table 9.1). A similar picture emerges from electrophysiological recordings of receptor cells from the giant silkmoth Antheraea polyphemus, in which direct perfusion of the sensory hair with various PBP/odorant complexes elicits different response patterns. The... 

Enantiomeric composition of a pheromone is instrumental with respect to the behaviour mediating capacity of the signal. This especially stands for bark beetles (Coleoptera Curculionidae, Scolytinae) where even different populations of the same species employ pheromone of different enantiomeric composition (Seybold, 1993 Miller et al., 1996). Enantioselective production of, and response to pheromones has been demonstrated in many species of Scolytinae subfamily (Birch, 1984 Borden, 1985 Byers, 1989). Electrophysiological studies have revealed that species such as Ips pini Say, 1. typographus (L.), I. paraconfusus Lanier, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham), S. scolytus (F.) and Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) and many others have olfactory receptor cells specific to optical isomers of aggregation pheromones (Mustaparta et al., 1980,1984 Wadhams et al., 1982 Tommeras et al., 1984). 

At a cellular level, the activation of mAChRs leads to a wide spectrum of biochemical and electrophysiological responses [1, 5]. The precise pattern of responses that can be observed does not only depend on the nature of the activated G proteins (receptor subtypes) but also on which specific components of different signaling cascades (e.g. effector enzymes or ion channels) are actually expressed in the studied cell type or tissue. The observed effects can be caused by direct interactions of the activated G protein(s) with effector enzymes or ion channels or may be mediated by second messengers (Ca2+, DP3, etc.) generated upon mAChR stimulation. 

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