Olfactory processing

Mori, K. and Yoshihara, Y. Molecular recognition and olfactory processing in the mammalian olfactory system. Prog. Neurobiol. 45 585-619,1995. 

Fig-1 Schematic view of the overall olfactory processing in insects. Pheromones and other semiochemicals are detected by specialized sensilla on the antennae, where the chemical signal is transduced into nervous activity. The olfactory receptor neurons in the semiochemi-cal-detecting sensilla are connected directly to the antennal lobe. Here the semiochemical-derived electrical signals are processed and sent out (through projection neurons) to the protocerebrum. Olfactory information is then integrated with other stimulus modalities, a decision is made, and the motor system is told what to do... 

P americana is one of just a few species of insects in which both peripheral and central olfactory processing have been studied. In contrast to many short-lived lepidopterans, in which the male antenna is highly specialized for sex pheromone reception, the antennae of male cockroaches contain numerous food-responsive sensilla. In addition to olfactory sensilla, the antennae also house mechano-, hygro-and thermoreceptors, as well as contact chemoreceptors (Schaller, 1978 review Boeckh et al., 1984). Extensive ultrastructural and electrophysiological evidence has demonstrated that morphologically defined sensillum types house receptor cells of specific functional types (Sass, 1976, 1978, 1983 Schaller, 1978 Selzer, 1981, 1984 review Boeckh and Ernst, 1987). Boeckh and Ernst (1987) defined 25 types of cell according to their odor spectra, but of the 65 500 chemo- and mechanosensory sensilla on the antenna of adult male P. americana, an estimated 37 000 house cells that respond to periplanone-A and periplanone-B. 

Kasang G. and Kaissling K. E. (1972) Specificity of primary and secondary olfactory processes in Bombyx antennae. In Int. Symp. Olfaction and Taste TV, ed. D. Schneider 200-206. Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart. 

Figure 23.5 Overview of pathways for olfactory processing in the Drosophila brain. Schematic outline of major wiring principles in the olfactory system (not to scale).

Ignell R., Couillaud F. and Anton S. (2001) Juvenile-hormone-mediated plasticity of aggregation behaviour and olfactory processing in adult desert locusts. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 249-259. 

Gottfried JA, Dolan RJ. The nose smells what the eye sees. Crossmodal visual faciUtation of human olfactory processing. Neuron 2003 39 375-386. 

Limonene inhibiting pine larva parasites feeding (Diprian pini and Dendrolymus pini) [103]. The (+)-3-thujone and (-)-3-isothujone, the main components of Thuja plicata leaves, inhibit the feeding of Pissodes on needle trees [102]. Enzymatic mechanism explaining the olfactory processes are the reasons for eliciting responses between the optical isomers and the receptors. 

Farooqui T, Robinson K, Vaessin H, Smith BH (2003) Modulation of early olfactory processing by an octopaminergic reinforcement pathway in the honeybee. J Neurosci 23 5370-5380 Faucher C, Forstreuter M, Hilker M, de Bruyne M (2006) Behavioral responses of Drosophila to biogenic levels of carbon dioxide depend on life-stage, sex and olfactory context. J Exp Biol 209 2739-2748... 

Schlief, M.L., and Wilson, R.I. (2007). Olfactory processing and behavior downstream from highly selective receptor neurons. Nat Neurosci 10, 623-630 Schwaerzel M, Heisenberg M, Zars T (2002) Extinction antagonizes olfactory memory at the subcellular level. Neuron 35 951-960... 

---