Vomeronasal receptor

Bargmann C. (1997). Olfactory receptors, vomeronasal receptors, and the organisation of olfactory information. Cell 90, 585-587. 

Coppola D.M. and O Connell R.J. (1989). Stimulus access to olfactory and vomeronasal receptors in utero. Neuroscience Lett 106, 241-248. 

Del Punta K., Rothman A., Rodriguez I. and Mombaerts P. (2000). Sequence diversity and genomic organization of vomeronasal receptor genes in the mouse. Genome Res 10, 1958-1967. 

Ichikawa M. (1999). Axonal growth of newly formed vomeronasal receptor neurons after nerve transection. Anat Embryol 200, 413-417. 

Jia C., Goldmann J. and Halpem M. (1997). Development of vomeronasal receptor neurons subclasses and establishment of topographic projection to accessory olfactory bulb. Dev Brain Res 102, 209-216. 

Jia C. and Halpem M. (1996). Subclasses of vomeronasal receptor neurons differential expression of G-proteins (Gi-alpha2 Go-alpha) and segregated projections to the accessory olfactory-bulb. Brain Res 719, 117-128. 

Kulkami-Narla A., Getchell T.V. and Getchell M.L. (1997). Differential expression of manganese and copper-zinc superoxide dismutases in the olfactory and vomeronasal receptor neurons of rats during ontogeny. J Comp Neurol 381, 31-40. 

Lane R., et al. (2002). Sequence analysis of mouse vomeronasal receptor gene clusters reveals common promoter motifs and a history of recent expansion. Proc Natl Acad Sci 99, 291-296. 

Moss R.L., Flynn R.E., Shi J Shen X.M., et al. (1998). Electrophysiological and biochemical responses of mouse vomeronasal receptor cells to urine-derived compounds possible mechanism of action. Chem Senses 23, 483-489. 

Rodriquez I., Punta K.D., Rothman A., Ishii I. and Mombaerts P. (2002). Multiple new and isolated families within the mouse superfamily of Vlr vomeronasal receptors. Nature Neurosci 5, 134-140. 

Saito H., Mimmack M., Keveme E.B., Kishimoto J. and Emson P. (1998). Isolation of mouse vomeronasal receptor genes and their co-localization with specific G-protein messenger RNAs. Molec Brain Res 60, 215-227. 

Taniguchi M., Wang D. and Halpem M. (2000). Chemosensitive conductance and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced conductance in snake vomeronasal receptor neurons. Chem Senses 25, 67-76. 

Trotier D. and D0ving K. (1996). Inward rectifiying current is activated by hyperpolarisation in Frog vomeronasal receptor cells. Prim Sensory Neuron 1, 245-261. 

Trotier D., Dpving K.B. and Rosin J.-F. (1994). Functional properties of frog vomeronasal receptor cells. In Olfaction and Taste XI (Kurihara K., et al., eds.). Springer, Berlin, pp. 188-191. 

Vomeronasal Receptor (Neurone) Vomeronasal System Vomeronasalectomy Testosterone Ultra-High Frequency... 

FIGURE 50-6 A model for chemosensory transduction in vomeronasal sensory neurons. The individual steps are detailed in the text. In contrast to the transduction cascade in OSNs, the mechanism of vomeronasal transduction is less well characterized. Vomeronasal neurons express either V1R or V2R receptors and either Got. or Ga0, respectively. The TRPC2 channel subunit is expressed in all vomeronasal neurons, and may be part of a multimeric channel complex. Ca2+ions are represented as purple balls, Na+ ions as blue balls. VR, vomeronasal receptor (VlRorV2R) PIP2, phospha-tidylinositol 4,5-bishphosphate IP, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate DAG, diacylglycerol. 

The delivery of male courtship pheromones is widespread among plethodontid salamanders (Houck and Arnold 2003), and other courtship pheromones are being discovered for this group (Houck, Palmer, Watts, Arnold, Feldhoff and Feldhoff 2007). The mode by which these pheromones are transferred to the female apparently has been modified from delivery via diffusion into the circulatory system to delivery that directly stimulates vomeronasal receptors (Fig. 20.1 Houck and Sever 1994 Watts et al. 2004 Palmer et al. 2005 Palmer et al. 2007). The behavior patterns and morphologies associated with these two delivery modes often remain static for millions of years. In contrast, evolution at the level of pheromone signals is apparently an incessant process that continuously alters the protein sequence and composition of pheromones both within and among species (Watts et al. 2004 Palmer et al. 2005 Palmer et al. 2007). 

L. and Mombaerts, P. (2002) Deficient pheromone responses in mice lacking a cluster of vomeronasal receptor genes. Nature 419, 70-74. 

Ma, D., Allen, N.D., Van Bergen, Y.C., Jones, C.M., Baum, M.J., Keverne, E.B. and Brennan, P.A. (2002) Selective ablation of olfactory receptor neurons without functional impairement of vomeronasal receptor neurons in OMP-ntr transgenic mice. Eur. J. Neurosci. 16, 2317-2323. 

Menco B. P, Carr V. M., Ezeh P. I., Liman E. R. and YankanowaM. P. (2001) Ultrastructural localization of G-proteins and the channel protein TRP2 to microvilli of rat vomeronasal receptor cell. J. Comp. Neurol. 438, 468 -89. 

ROLES OF INSECT AND MAMMAL PHEROMONES VOMERONASAL RECEPTORS... 

Later in this review, the discovery and importance of vomeronasal receptors will be dealt with in a separate section due to their current relevance. 

The knowledge of chemosensory communication has grown rapidly over the last ten years since the identification of the first olfactory receptor genes. The subsequent cloning of genes for rodent vomeronasal receptors, which are important in pheromone detection, has revealed an unexpected diversity of around 250 receptors belonging to two structurally different classes. 

Diversity of Protein Families Interacting with Vomeronasal Receptors... 

Mundy NI, Cook S (2003) Positive selection during the diversification of class I vomeronasal receptor-like (V1RL) genes, putative pheromone receptor genes, in human and primate evolution. Mol Biol Evol 20 1805-1810... 

Rodriguez I, Mombaerts P (2002) Novel human vomeronasal receptor-like genes reveal species— specific families. Curr Biol 12 R409-411... 

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