Olfactory responses

The distinctive odor of trichloroethylene may not necessarily provide adequate warning of exposure, because it quickly desensitizes olfactory responses. EataUties have occurred when unprotected workers have entered unventilated areas with high vapor concentrations of trichloroethylene or other chlorinated solvents. Eor a complete description of proper entry to vessels containing any chlorinated solvent, see ASTM D4276-84, Standard Practice for Confined Area Entry (34). 

Toyoda F. and Kikuyama S. (2000). Hormonal influence on the olfactory response to a female-attracting pheromone, sodefrin, in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaste. Comp Biochem Physiol [B] 126, 239-245. 

Tucker D. (1971). Non-olfactory responses from nasal cavity Jacobson s Organ and trigeminal system. In Handbook of Sensory Physiology Chemical Senses, 1. Olfaction (Biedler L., ed.). Springer, Berlin, pp. 151-181. 

Laska, M., Wieser, A. and Salazar, L.T.H. (2005) Olfactory responsiveness to two odorous steroids in three species of nonhuman primates. Chem. Sens. 30, 505-511. 

Olfaction, research in, 18 383-384 Olfactory membrane, 11 567 Olfactory perceptions, 11 510-511 Olfactory receptors, 18 383-384 Olfactory response, 11 566-567 01igo(2-propenyloxy)methyloxyirane, sulfonation of, 23 720 Oligocyclic lattice host inclusion compounds, 14 177-179 Oligocyclic lattice hosts, 14 177 01igo(y-caprolactone)dimethylacrylate, in shape- memory polymer networks, 22 364... 

Temperature may significantly affect chemoreception. For instance, electrical responses to amylacetate delivered to olfactoiy receptors of a tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, were little affected by air temperatures between 20 and 30 °C at the nares but changed considerably above and below that range. Up to - -35 °C and down to -1-10 °C, the olfactory response was a monotonic slowly decreasing function of temperature (Tucker, 1963 see also Grundvig etal., 1967). 

Atema, J., Holland, K., and Ikehara, W. (1980). Olfactory responses of yellow fln tuna [Thunnus albacares) to prey odors chemical search image. Journal of Chemical Ecology 6, 457-465. 

Cowart BJ, Olfactory responses to enantiomers, Chem Senses 15 562—563, 1990. 

Although circadian oscillators are found in many tissues, only two rhythmic outputs have been identified in Drosophila adults. The most extensively studied rhythmic output is locomotor activity. A group of 4—5 sLN s in each hemisphere of the brain is both necessary and sufficient to drive robust activity rhythms (Frisch et al 1994, Renn et al 1999). The other rhythmic output is in olfactory responses, which are measured using an assay of odour-induced... 

Krishnan B, Dryer SE, Hardin PE 1999 Circadian rhythms in olfactory responses of Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 400 375-378... 

However, Dbh knockout mice retain normal olfactory response to novel odors (Bridges, 1998). 

The sweet taste and olfactory responses to a variety of stimuli are examples of chemical senses that utilize protein receptors for initial detection of the stimulus. Most bitter compounds have a hydrophobic component which enables their direct interaction with the cell membrane however, some evidence suggests a protein receptor mechanism. The cooling sensation is treated as a chemesthetic sense, where stimulation takes place at the basal membrane. However, compounds that evoke this response have very specific structural limitations, and most are related to menthol. For purposes of discussion, bitter and cooling sensations will be discussed under generalized receptor mechanisms. 

The most difficult problem in flavour research is to interpret the results of the volatile analysis, which gives information on the identity and the quantity of the volatile compounds collected from a given product. Many volatile compounds are not flavour-active, i.e. they cannot be detected in the olfactory system, while others may even in trace amounts have significant effects on flavour owing to their low odour-threshold values that is defined as the minimum concentration needed to produce an olfactory response. Consequently, the most abundant volatiles are not necessarily the most important contributors to flavour. Much... 

Monteith, L. G. (1955). Host preferences of Drino bohemica Messn. (Diptera Tachinidae) with particular reference to olfactory responses. Canadian Entomologist 87 ... 

Struble, D. L. and Arn, H. (1984). Combined gas chromatography and electroantennogram recording of insect olfactory responses. In Techniques in Pheromone Research, eds. 

Occupied receptors for adrenaline, glucagon, ACTH, and histamine activate adenylate cyclase via Gs proteins. Other Gs proteins, which contain subunits designated aolf and which exist as a number of subtypes, mediate olfactory responses. Subunit aD is another specialized polypeptide which is located primarily in neural tissues. A variety of additional G proteins have been discovered in organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals.179 183-186 All have similar structures with 39- to 45-kDa a subunits, 35- to 36-kDa (3 subunits and 5- to 8-kDa y subunits. Whereas the a subunits are unique to each G protein, (3 and y subunits may be shared among several G proteins. These proteins appear to function with many kinds of hormone receptors and... 

Occlusion zones 29 Octahedral geometry 311 Octopus, intelligence of 24 Oils, composition of 380 Okadaic acid 545 Old yellow enzyme 783 Oleate hydratase 526, 688 Oleic acid 381 Olfactory responses 558 Oligomer(s)... 

Yunker CE, Peter T, Norval RAI, Sonenshine DE, Burridge MJ, Butler JF (1992) Olfactory Responses of Adult Amblyomma hebraeum and A. variegatum (Acari Ixodidae) to Attrac-tant Chemicals in Laboratory Tests. Exp Appl Acarol 13 295... 

Sun X. J., Tolbert L. P. and Hildebrand J. G. (1997) Synaptic organization of the uniglomerular projection neurons of the antennal lobe of the moth Manduca sexta a laser scanning confocal and electron microscopic study. J. Comp. Neurol. 379, 2-20. Takken W., van Loon J. J. A. and Adam W. (2001) Inhibition of host-seeking response and olfactory responsiveness in Anopheles gambiae following blood feeding. J. Insect. Physiol. 47, 303-310. 

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