Behavior feeding

Octopamine. Octopamiae [104-14-3] (270) is a monoamine found ia the iasect CNS (70). It is involved in feeding behavior... 

Serotonin is a key transmitter in CNS function. Altered serotonergic function has been implicated in many CNS disorders including depression, feeding behavior, sleep disorders, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer s disease. 

It was thought previously that there were no inborn odor preferences that these are learned from experience. However, studies at the MoneU Center have indicated that flavors consumed by a mother and transmitted into the milk influence the feeding behavior of her infant. When mothers consume gadic, their infants feed longer than when no gadic is consumed (7). 

Alternatively, fabric patches treated with permethrin have been evaluated against natural and laboratory strains of human body flee in Pern. Permethrin-treated fabric is toxic to flee on contact and quickly affects feeding behavior, even when washed up to 20 times. Thus permethrin-treated clothing intermpts disease transmission, and offers a passive louse control not previously feasible (39). 

The cytokine leptin is secreted by adipocytes (fat cells) in proportion to the size of the adipose dq>ot and circulates via the bloodstream to the brain, where it ultimately affects feeding behavior, endocrine systems including reproductive function and, at least in rodents, energy expenditure. The major effect of Lqrtin is on the hy-pothalamous, where it suppresses appetite and hence food intake. Leptin exerts its effects via binding to the leptin receptor in the brain (specifically in the hypothalamus), which activates the JAK-STAT Pathway. 

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic neuropeptide of 19 amino acids. It is involved in the modulation of feeding behavior. Its actions are mediated by G-protein coupled receptors (MCH1 and MCH2). 

The neuropeptide Y (NPY) belongs to a family of peptides that includes peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide, and it is associated with several diseases such as asthma, immune system disorders, inflammatory diseases, anxiety, depression and diabetes mellitus. NPY is found in the central and peripheral nervous system, and its biological functions are mediated by interactions with five receptor sub-types, i.e. Yl, Y2, Y4, Y5 and Y6. Several studies indicate that the feeding behavior is influenced by interactions between NPY and Yl and Y5. Deswal and Roy used Cerius descriptors and genetic function approximation QSAR to investigate the structural determinants for the inhibition potency of 24 compounds with the general structure 4 for the NPY Y5 receptor [31]. The best QSAR (H = 0.720,... 

Fjeld E, Haugen TO, Vollestad LA. 1998. Permanent impairment in the feeding behavior of grayling (Thymallus thymallus) exposed to methyhnercury during embryogenesis. Sci Total Envhon 213 247-254. 

I didn t go in mueh detail into what the effects of different doses were, but with fenfluramine we are getting toxieity in the range of 3, 6, and 10 mg/kg and to interfere with feeding behavior in the rat you arc dealing with an order of 2.0 mg/kg. So there isn t much of a window there. Similarly, for MDMA, the neurotoxie dose range is 10, 20 mg/kg and a human is taking approximately 2.0 mg/kg. Behaviorally effective doses are in the neighborhood of 4, 5, and 6 mg/kg. 

This approach requires frequent visits to the nest or filming the feeding behavior of smdy species to guide human collection of food items. Although the former process is a direct measure, both procedures allow reliable assessment of pesticide ingestion by indicator species. 

Wysocki C.J., Beauchamp G.K., Reidinger R.F. and Wellington J.L. (1985). Access of large and non-volatile molecules to the vomeronasal organ of mammals during social and feeding behaviors. J Chem Ecol 11, 1147-1159. 

The study of coprolites, particularly of their composition, throws light on the paleodiets (the feeding behavior) of ancient animals as well as humans and on the diseases that affected them. Coprolites composed only of plant material, for example, are indicative of a herbivorous diet bone remains in the feces denote carnivorous behavior, while remains of both plant and... 

Sakurai, T., Amemiya, A, Ishii, M. el al. (1998). Orexins and orexin receptors a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior. Cell 92, 573-85. 

HT modulates neuroendocrine function 239 5-HT modulates circadian rhythmicity 239 5-HT modulates feeding behavior and food intake 239 Not only does 5-HT have important physiological effects of its own but it is also the precursor of the hormone melatonin 240... 

Perturbation of the 5-HT system can elicit changes in a wide variety of behaviors. Furthermore, drugs that act on serotonergic neurons and their receptors are used to treat diseases such as depression, anxiety disorders and schizophrenia. Thus, 5-HT has been implicated in the regulation of many behaviors and physiological processes. The involvement of 5-HT in three areas - neuroendocrine function, circadian rhythms and feeding behavior - will be highlighted for illustrative purposes. 

Pharmacological studies primarily have contributed to the idea that 5-HT has an inhibitory effect on feeding behavior. Drugs that either directly or indirectly activate postsynaptic 5-HT receptors decrease food consumption whereas agents that inhibit serotonergic transmission increase food intake. Precisely how this occurs is controversial, with claims that 5-HT governs the selection of macronutrients in the diet, or influences responses to the taste qualities of food, or modulates gastric activity to... 

Control of feeding behavior involves peripheral peptides (insulin, ghrelin, leptin) plus several peptides in the CNS (orexins/hypocretins, CCK, galanin, MSH, neuropeptide Y, CRH, cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)) [35, 36]. Some of the same peptides are involved in reward systems crucial to drug addiction. Specific receptor blockers are being tested for many of these peptide-receptor systems, with the hope of very selective actins with minimal side effects [35], For example, there are two CCK receptor subtypes, CCK-A and... 

Ferrando, M.D. and E. Andreu. 1993. Feeding behavior as an index of copper stress in Daphnia magna and Brachionus calyciflorus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 106C 327-331. 

Ferrando, M.D., C.R. Janssen, E. Andreu, and G. Persoone. 1993. Ecotoxicological studies with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. III. The effects of chemicals on the feeding behavior. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 26 1-9. 

Wong, C.K., K.H. Chu, K.W. Tang, T.W. Tam, and L.J. Wong. 1993. Effects of chromium, copper and nickel on survival and feeding behavior of Metapenaeus ensis larvae and postlarvae (Decapoda Penaeidae). Mar. Environ. Res. 36 63-78. 

Gochfeld, M. and J. Burger. 1988. Effects of lead on growth and feeding behavior of young common terns (Sterna hirundo). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17 513-517. 

Maximum concentrations recorded were 20 pg/L in milk and 250 pg/kg FW in body fat. No obvious adverse effects on feeding behavior... 

Brown, J.A., P.H. Johansen, P.W. Colgan, and R.A. Mathers. 1987. Impairment of early feeding behavior of largemouth bass by pentachlorophenol exposure a preliminary assessment. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 116 71-78. 

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