Elbow test

The elbow test involves applying products to the inside of the elbow up to six times per day for three weeks. This is a sensitive area of skin, and easily defined, which is important since this is a selfapplication test. This test is useful for products such as body lotions, etc., and also as a preliminary to a face test, where the skin is more sensitive. Each panellist serves as their own control the test material is applied to one elbow and the control material applied to the other. The panel is balanced according to sex, hand dominance, and initial skin grades of reaction. One half of the panel has the dominant hand allocated to the test material, and the other half has their dominant hand allocated to the control material. The levels of irritation elicited by the test and control treatments are compared. Subjective comments are also taken into consideration. At intervals throughout the treatment period, each site is assessed for visible signs of irritation, for example, erythema and dryness. 

Tennis elbow test This test is performed by stabilizing the forearm. Instruct the patient to make a fist and extend his wrist. Press against the dorsum of the patient s hand as he resists. When tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) is present, the patient will experience pain at the lateral epicondyle. 

Each PR valve must be installed so that the bonnet vent does not allow released vapors to impinge on lines or equipment, or towards personnel walkways. Where necessary, a short nipple and elbow should be added to direct flow away from such areas. In these cases, the vent piping should discharge horizontally to avoid entry of rainwater and debris, and should terminate in a position which is accessible for leak testing. 

Health workers can find out whether a child may have been exposed to harmful levels of lead by taking a blood sample. They can also find out how much lead is in a child s bones by taking a special type of X-ray of the finger, knee, or elbow. This, however, is not a routine type of test. 

A slurry pump operating at 1 atm must be selected to transport a coal slurry from an open storage tank to a rotary drum filter, at a rate of 250 gpm. The slurry is 40% solids by volume and has an SG of 1.2. The level in the filter is 10 ft above that in the tank, and the line contains 400 ft of 3 in. sch 40 pipe, two gate valves, and six 90° elbows. A lab test shows that the slurry can be described as a Bingham plastic with v = 50 cP and t0 = 80dyn/cm2. 

Quench elbow and secondary scrubber. This system is used to remove acid gases formed from the catalytic oxidation of halogenated organic compounds. The operation of the secondary scrubber is identical to that of the primary scrubber with the exception of a recirculation cooler that maintains scrubber exit gas temperature at 120°F. The secondary scrubber has a constant liquid blowdown that is collected in holding tanks and tested for agent prior to release. 

Nickel itch is a dermatitis resulting from sensitization to nickel the first symptom is usually pruritis, which occurs up to 7 days before skin eruption appears. The primary skin eruption is erythematous, or follicular it may be followed by superficial discrete ulcers that discharge and become crusted or by eczema. The eruptions may spread to areas related to the activity of the primary site such as the elbow flexure, eyelids, or sides of the neck and face. In the chronic stages, pigmented or depigmented plaques may be formed. Nickel sensitivity, once acquired, is apparently not lost of 100 patients with positive patch tests to nickel, all reacted to the metal when retested 10 years later. ... 

Sample ports are also a key issue. While the EPA accepts five pipe diameters before and two pipe diameters downstream of the sample port, experience has shown that the recommended eight pipe diameters before and two diameters after the port improves testing accuracy. The proper lengths are important to flow measurement, but they are also critical to obtaining representative dust samples. Turbulence in gas flow will result in mass emission test results that are not representative. The particulate matter will be maldistributed after an elbow and the heaviest particles will be biased to the outside wall. Even if appropriate gas rates are collected, the amount of dust may be biased to the outside wall but collected at too small a rate. 

A more modern method to check for loss of thickness in process piping is by ultrasonic testing (UT) or Sonaray. These are portable instruments used to check pipe thickness on-stream. Do not forget, though, that the thin elbow, the one that is sure to fail, is always out of reach unless a ladder can be found. And the inspector cannot find the ladder. The outside radius of elbows are typically the thinnest portions of a pip-... 

Procedure Set up the apparatus as shown in Fig. 10. Clamp the wash bottle in an inverted position. Attach a 2-foot piece of rubber tube to the mouth piece of the wash bottle. Slip a pinch cock over the tube, and insert a small funnel in the open end. Raise the funnel to the position shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 10. Pour water through the funnel, and fill the wash bottle nearly to the top of the vertical tube. Close the pinch cock, and replace the funnel with the capillary tip from the wash bottle. Connect the other tube of the wash bottle to the Pyrex test tube by means of an elbow tube and rubber connection. Open the pinch cock and allow water to run out of the wash bottle into the beaker. If the apparatus is tight the flow of water will stop completely after a moment. Close the pinch cock, remove the Pyrex test tube, dry it, and weigh it accurately. Place in it... 

One of the oldest nonpatch irritancy tests still in use is the arm immersion technique (Kooyman and Snyder 1942) in which the relative irritancy of two soap or detergent products is compared. Soap solutions of up to 8 % are prepared in troughs. Temperature is to be maintained at 105°F while subjects immerse one hand and arm to just above the elbow in one test solution and the other arm in a solution containing a second product. The period of exposure varied between 10 and 15 min 3 times each day for 5 days or until observable irritation is produced on both arms. 

To test blood pressure, the doctor or another health professional inflates a cuff placed around the arm above the elbow. He or she then listens for specific sounds through a stethoscope placed at the crook of the elbow as the cuff is gradually deflated. The first of those sounds signals the time the heart beats and the fifth and final sound notes the heart at rest between beats. The pressure at the time of those two sounds is noted in a column of mercury similar to that in a thermometer, on a device called a sphygmomanometer, which is frequently mounted on the wall. The first, beating pressure... 

Steffe et al. (1984) determined magnitudes of the coefficient of for a fully open plug valve, a tee with flow from line to branch, and a ninety degree short elbow as a function of GRe using apple sauce as the test fluid. They found that, as for Newtonian fluids, kf increases with decreasing values of GRe. The regression equations for the three fittings were ... 

A 62-year-old woman, who had applied DoloPosterine N ointment topically to the perianal skin and rectal mucosa for several days, developed erythematous vesicular lesions in the perianal area and an erythematous edematous rash of the face, axillae, elbow flexures, and inner thighs (7). This abated on withdrawal of the drug and the administration of oral prednisolone for 10 days. Patch testing was positive with cinchocaine. 

A 62-year-old woman had a systemic contact dermatitis several days after topical administration of DoloPosterine ointment for hemorrhoids (33). She had erythematous vesicular lesions on her perianal area and an edematous erythematous rash on her upper thighs, elbow flexures, axillae, and face. Patch tests with the ointment and its constituents were positive with DoloPosterine and dibucaine 5% in petrolatum patch tests with benzocaine and other local anesthetics were negative. 

Figure 5 of the impact test showed that J-9 polyurethane was able to reduce the peak force value down to 36% that of steel balls without sacrificing mechanical strength. The result from the impact test and the measurement damping coefficient indicate that polyurethane J-9 is the optimum sphere material in the new total elbow joint replacement design. 

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