Effects on Terrestrial Plants

Bobbink R, Hicks K, Galloway J, Spranger T, Alkemade R, Ashmore M, Bustamante M, Cinderby S, Davidson E, Dentener F, Emmett B, Erisman JW, Fenn M, Gilliam F, Nordin A, Pardo L, de Vries W (2010) Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity a synthesis. Ecol Appl 20 30-59... 

Sublethal effects on terrestrial plants include decreased growth, leaf injury, root damage, inhibited root growth and function, hampered nutrient uptake, chlorophyll decline and reduced photosynthesis (Schle-gel etal. 1987, Linqvist 1991, Godbold 1991). Again, methylmercury is more toxic than Hg " ". 

Cyanide effects on terrestrial plants and invertebrates, aquatic biota, birds, and mammals are numerous and disparate. 

Effects on terrestrial plants (further species over Tier A). 

What effect have terrestrial plants had on the composition of ocean water ... 

The effects on terrestrial organisms such as earth worms, soil microorganisms and toxicity to plants is required. 

As for the soil compartment, the comet assay on coelomocytes of earthworms (Eisenia foetida) kept in PAH-contaminated soil samples had higher DNA damage than in control samples (Verschaeve, 2002). However no dose-effect relationship was observed. Also, the levels of PAH-DNA adducts in Lumbricus terrestris, another earthworm species, kept on industrially contaminated soils increased with exposure time (Van Schooten et al., 1995). Few surveys have been performed on terrestrial plant species, but trifluralin was shown to induce a significant increase in tail length in the comet assay applied on the leaves of Viciafaba (Bierkens et al., 1998). 

M.M. Caldwell, A.H. Teramura, M. Tevini, J.F. Bornman, L.O. Bjorn, G. Kulan-daivelu (1995). Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on terrestrial plants. Ambio, 24,166-173. 

Research on the effects of nitroaromatic EMs on terrestrial plants has taken a long and winding path that has yet to reach its destination. Early studies were mainly designed to demonstrate that newly developed explosives were not highly phytotoxic or focused on assessing the effects of TNT and related compounds associated with pink water waste on aquatic plants [33-35], Schott and Worthley [34] found that the growth of Lemna perpusilla Torn was reduced at TNT concentrations of 1 mg L 1... 

Robidoux PY et al., Effects of heavy metals and explosive polynitro-organic mixtures on terrestrial plants and earthworms, SETAC 25th Annual Meeting Abstract Book, Portland, OR, 2004. 

Gifford, R., Lutze, J. L., and Barrett, D. (1996). Global atmospheric change effects on terrestrial carbon sequestration Exploration with a global C- and N-cycle model (CQUESTN). Plant and Soil 187,. 369-387. 

Effects on Terrestrial Organisms Short-term toxicity to invertebrates effects on soil organisms short-term toxicity to plants / /... 

Long-term Effects on Terrestrial Organisms invertebrates plants soil organisms reproductive toxicity to birds /... 

Terrestrial ecosystems (plants and animals) under water scarcity suffer from water stress, and aquatic ecosystems of intermittency in water flow. Water scarcity has implications on hydrologic resources and systems coimectivity, as well as negative side-effects on biodiversity, water quality, and river ecosystem functioning. Finally, water scarcity has also direct impacts on citizens and economic sectors that use and depend on water, such as agriculture, tourism, industry, energy and transport. 

Y. Chen, Organic matter reactions involving micronutrients in soils and their effect on plants. Humic Substances in Terrestrial Ecosystems (A. Piccolo, ed.), Elsevier Sciences B. V., Amsterdam, 1996, p. 507. 

Atrazine effects on selected species of terrestrial plants... 

Lethal and sublethal effects of various arsenic compounds on selected species of terrestrial plants and invertebrates... 

Adverse effects of copper deficiency can be documented in terrestrial plants and invertebrates, poultry, small laboratory animals, livestock — especially ruminants — and humans. Data are scarce or missing on copper deficiency effects in aquatic plants and animals and in avian and mammalian wildlife. Copper deficiency in sheep, the most sensitive ruminant mammal, is associated with depressed growth, bone disorders, depigmentation of hair or wool, abnormal wool growth, fetal death and resorption, depressed estrous, heart failure, cardiovascular defects, gastrointestinal disturbances, swayback, pathologic lesions, and degeneration of the motor tracts of the spinal cord (NAS 1977). 

Table 3.4 Effects of Copper on Representative Terrestrial Plants and Invertebrates Organism, Copper Concentration or Dose,...

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