Aquatic biota

0 jLg As/L. At 75.0 xg As /L, growth and biomass in freshwater and marine algae was reduced at 85.0-88.0 xg/L of As+ or various methylated arsenicals, mortality was 10-32% in amphipods (Gammarus pseudolirrmaeus) in 28 days at 95.0 xg As+ /L, marine red alga failed to reproduce sexually and at 100.0 xg As+ /L, marine copepods died and goldfish behavior was impaired. 

0 mg/kg ration and lower in the 24-week study. The whole body arsenic concentrations in moribund rainbow trout poisoned by arsenate compounds in 11-week exposures ranged between 4.0 and 6.0 mg As/kg FW (vs. 

0 mg/kg FW in controls) - and dead whole trout had 8.0-12.0 mg As/kg FW - suggesting that a critical arsenic body concentration is reached before death. In bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), tissue residues of 1.35 mg As/kg FW in juveniles and 5.0 mg/kg in adults are considered elevated and potentially hazardous. 

Toxic and other effects of arsenicals to aquatic life are significantly modified by numerous biological and abiotic factors. The LC50 values, for example, are markedly affected by water temperature, pH, Eh, organic content, phosphate concentration. 

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Nowel, L.H. et al. (1999) Pesticides in Stream Sediment and Aquatic Biota, CRC Press. 

Fig. 5 Decrease of surface water and the effects on the longitudinal distribution of riverine habitats. During high flow (a) surface habitats, i.e. riffle (fast flowing sections) and pools (slow flowing sections), are available. Drying first affects the surface waters (b), causing fragmentation and the formation of remaining pools (c). During this phase the hyporheic compartment is also restricted to the pool habitats. Finally, both the superficial and hyporheic compartments dry completely up, and potential refuge for the aquatic biota disappear...

Wester PG, J de Boer, UAT Brinkman (1996) Determination of polychlorinated terphenyls in aquatic biota and sediment with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization. Environ Sci Technol 30 473-480. 

Aquatic biota may bring about transformation to metabolites that are then disseminated to a considerable distance from their source. 

Chapter 2 Air/watersheds Chapter 3 Water/sediments Chapter 4 Aquatic biota Chapter 5 Wildlife... 

Monitoring and Evaluating Trends in Methylmercury Accumulation in Aquatic Biota... 

Focuses on pathways leading from emissions to biota, including air, land, water and sediments, aquatic biota, and wildlife... 

NRCC (1983) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment Formation, sources, fate and effects on aquatic biota. NRCC/CNRC, Ottawa, Canada. 

The studies realized within the frame of the AquaTerra project have involved a great number of researchers from different disciplines. In this chapter, the ones concerning organic contamination in water, sediments and aquatic biota have been... 

There is some discussion of how bioavailable and bioaccumulative BDE-209 is. Moreover, there is still a concern that BDE-209 may debrominate in the environment to form less-brominated BDE congeners which are more bioavailable than BDE-209 itself. A preliminary study on uptake and debromination of BDE-209 in caged rainbow trout following dietary exposure [9] showed a slow but measurable uptake of BDE-209 and the presence of lower brominated PBDEs. BDE-209 has been found generally linked to sediments, but some recent studies also reported low levels of this compound in aquatic biota samples from some locations in Europe [10-12] and from Japan [13]. 

During the last 5 years, a few studies have been published demonstrating that aquatic biota is able to accumulate BDE-209. Lepom et al. [43] first reported the occurrence of BDE-209 in freshwater fish in Europe, with concentrations up to 37 ng/g lw. Similar results were obtained by Burreau et al. [10], who detected BDE-209 in three different fish species from rural waters of the Lumpam estuary in the... 

TABLE 10. Tributyltin in Australian aquatic biota (1989) (modified from Reference 35)... 

Sublethal effects of cadmium to selected species of aquatic biota... 

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