Effects of various conditions

Wlrth, W.A. and Thompson, R.L. "The Effect of Various Conditions and Substances on the Results of Laboratory Procedures". Amer. J. Clin. Path. (1965), 579-590. 

The use of enzymes for solubilization of seed and leaf proteins has been studied as a means of overcoming difficulties presented by the varying condition of seed and leaf material available for processing (37). Ultrasonic energy was reported to increase the efficiency of enzyme solubilization procedures. The effects of various conditions of hydrolysis of cottonseed and alfalfa meal protein with trypsin were defined. 

The effects of various conditions such as added mineral or organic salts (to catalyse the E- elimination), temperature and solvents were carefully studied by Wooden (Ref. 127). 

In another experiment, an aqueous solution containing 10 % ammonium carbonate (pH = 8.9) was irradiated for 100 hrs at 90 °C. Concentrations of amino acids and nucleic add bases produced were similar to those observed with the (CO2 + NH3) solution as follows 1.7 X10 M glycine, 2.8 X10 M alanine, 6.0 X10 M serine, 1.4 X 10 M aspartic acid, 4.0X10" M cytosine and 1.8X10" M uracil. Effects of various conditions during irradiation were also similar to those with (CO2 + NH3) solutions, as summarized in Table 1. Therefore, subsequent experiments were carried out by using ammonium carbonate solutions instead of (CO2 + NH3) solutions. 

Wirth, W. A., and R. L. Thompson. 1965. The effect of various conditions and substances on the result of laboratory procedures. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 43 579-590. Young, D. 2008. Young s effects. Onhne http //www.fxol.org... 

Investigation of corrosion mechanisms and fundamental effects of various conditions, development of test methods, e.g. reliable model experiments for the prediction of lifetime (see next section), and other studies in research laboratories. This includes also contributions to the development of materials and coatings with special corrosion properties. 

In thermoplastic/fiber systems, the fiber may act as a series of nucleating sites for the polymer, resulting in a transcrystaUine region around the fiber. In this chapter, a large number of factors have been demonstrated to contribute to the interactions across the interface. The effect of various conditions such as the chemical modification of natural fibers and nucleation ability of semicrystalUne matrix on the formation of transcrystallinity was investigated. 

The evidence supporting this proposition can be discerned from the effects of various conditions and reagents upon the rate constants as determined at five different wavelengths. The spectrum throughout the reaction is that of sulfur in methanol. Thus no intermediates are detectable. 

Fig. 17. Effect of various conditions on mitochondrial density. Mitochondria were sedimented to equilibrium on linear sucrose gradients. After fractionation, the gradients were analyzed for cytochrome oxidase activity and density. (A) Mitochondria from growing cells. (B) Mitochrondria from cells starved for 1 h. (C) Mitochondria from growing cells washed with 2 mM EDTA. (D) Same as (C), except mitochondria were incubated with PH]-labeled ribosomes before centrifugation. (E) Mitochondria from growing cells. Culture was pretreated with 200 Mg/ml cycloheximide prior to harvesting. (F) Mitochondria from growing cells treated with 200 Mg/ml cycloheximide, then starved for 1 h.

FIG. 32 Plot that depicts the relative mechanical properties of several materials and structures found in solder joints (solid lines). Also noted are the effects of various conditions on those materials and structures (dotted lines). 

The characteristics of a pressed compact are influenced by the characteristics of the powder rate and manner of pressure appHcation, maximum pressure appHed and for what period of time, shape of die cavity, temperature during compaction, additives such as lubricants and alloy agents, and die material and surface condition. The effect of various compaction variables on the pressed compact are shown in Figure 6. 

In view of the effect of various unfavourable operating conditions on a motor s performance, otte should be tneticulous when selecting the most appropriate protection to safeguard a motor under the most unfavourable operat-... 

Mathews and Rawlings (1998) successfully applied model-based control using solids hold-up and liquid density measurements to control the filtrability of a photochemical product. Togkalidou etal. (2001) report results of a factorial design approach to investigate relative effects of operating conditions on the filtration resistance of slurry produced in a semi-continuous batch crystallizer using various empirical chemometric methods. This method is proposed as an alternative approach to the development of first principle mathematical models of crystallization for application to non-ideal crystals shapes such as needles found in many pharmaceutical crystals. 

An appraisal of artificial weathering methods was given in a report by Hoey and Hipwood who described the effectiveness of various weatherometer tests such as are described in BS 3900 Part F3 and ASTM 42 1964 (now ASTM G23 1989). Although these tests simulate atmospheric exposure it is not possible to obtain a direct correlation owing to variation in outdoor exposure conditions from place to place, but they serve a very useful purpose in providing a preliminary sorting of paints that can then be tested in the field. 

The comprehensive research program included all facets necessary for the development of these catalysts. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the necessary catalyst loading, the design operating conditions, the effect of particle size, the effect of various trace constituents on catalyst performance, and finally, resistance of the catalyst to thermal upsets. This paper presents only those findings which have direct sig-... 

Beyer (B8) has recently reported experimental data obtained in small test motors under atmospheric and altitude conditions. At atmospheric pressure, his results showed the observed ignition delay to be a function of the delivery rate, as shown in Fig. 10. Additional data obtained in small test motors by Fullman and Nielsen (F6) are shown for comparison. These latter investigators conducted studies on the effects of various injectors, with delivery from both the head end and the aft end. Their results indicate that the hollow-cone injector is the most efficient. This subject has been treated in more detail by Miller (M7). 

The use of computer simulations to study internal motions and thermodynamic properties is receiving increased attention. One important use of the method is to provide a more fundamental understanding of the molecular information contained in various kinds of experiments on these complex systems. In the first part of this paper we review recent work in our laboratory concerned with the use of computer simulations for the interpretation of experimental probes of molecular structure and dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids. The interplay between computer simulations and three experimental techniques is emphasized (1) nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation spectroscopy, (2) refinement of macro-molecular x-ray structures, and (3) vibrational spectroscopy. The treatment of solvent effects in biopolymer simulations is a difficult problem. It is not possible to study systematically the effect of solvent conditions, e.g. added salt concentration, on biopolymer properties by means of simulations alone. In the last part of the paper we review a more analytical approach we have developed to study polyelectrolyte properties of solvated biopolymers. The results are compared with computer simulations. 

Luft and Tsuo have presented a qualitative summary of the effects of various plasma parameters on the properties of the deposited a-Si H [6]. These generalized trends are very useful in designing deposition systems. It should be borne in mind, however, that for each individual deposition system the optimum conditions for obtaining device quality material have to be determined by empirical fine tuning. The most important external controls that are available for tuning the deposition processs are the power (or power density), the total pressure, the gas flow(s), and the substrate temperature. In the following the effects of each parameter on material properties will be discussed. 

The experimental studies of the surface properties of monocrystals of oxides of various metals recently conducted at well-controlled conditions [32, 210] enable one to proceed with detailed analysis of separate effects of various factors on characteristics of semiconductor gas sensors. In this direction numerous interesting results have been obtained regarding the fact of various electrophysical characteristics of monocrystalline adsorbents on the value of adsorption-related response. Among these characteristics there are crystallographic orientation of facets [211], availability of structural defects, the disorder in stoichiometry [32], application of metal additives, etc. These results are very useful while manufacturing sensors for specific gases with required characteristics. 

Next, a series of runs was conducted to determine the effect of various alkali metal hydroxide additions along with the sponge nickel catalyst. The 50 wt. % sodium hydroxide and 50 wt. % potassium hydroxide caustic solution used in the initial test was replaced with an aqueous solution of the alkali metal hydroxide at the level indicated in Table 2. After the reaction number of cycles indicated in Table 2, a sample was removed for analysis. The conditions and results are shown in Table 2. The results reported in Table 2 show the level of 2° Amine in the product from the final cycle. The level of NPA in all of the mns was comparable to the level observed in the initial test. No significant levels of other impurities were detected. 

In this chapter, we will explore the effect of various environmental conditions and the polymers5 chemical composition and structure on its stability. We will examine the mechanisms associated with degradation and will explore several well studied polymeric systems. Finally, we will discuss the role of additives and their effects on properties. 

In addition, the signal intensity is influenced by effects of various factors a, b,..., m of the operating conditions, e.g., temperature, pressure, pH value, and instrumental adjustments. Taking these factors into account the model becomes... 

The effects of various reaction conditions on the reaction rate and the mechanism of coal liquefaction were investigated.Conclusions are summarized as follows ... 

But how do microorganisms behave in outer space Answers to this question require experiments to be carried out in space, as (however well they may try to simulate conditions in outer space) laboratory experiments are often considered to be artificial and unrealistic . Thus, microbes have been put on board a number of space vehicles and subjected to outer space conditions to probe the effect of various variables on the survival probability of Bacillus subtilis spores. 

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