Operating and design conditions

Operating and design conditions (chemicals—normal and upset, temperature and pressure—normal and upset)... 

Table 2-33 Operating and Design Conditions for Tbrae Sieve Tray LPG Treaters ...

Vessel s normal operating and design Conditions They are tCmp ture (in F) and pressure (in psig). 

Spray Correlations. One of the most important aspects of spray characterization is the development of meaningful correlations between spray parameters and atomizer performance. The parameters can be presented as mathematical expressions that involve Hquid properties, physical dimensions of the atomizer, as well as operating and ambient conditions that are likely to affect the nature of the dispersion. Empirical correlations provide useful information for designing and assessing the performance of atomizers. Dimensional analysis has been widely used to determine nondimensional parameters that are useful in describing sprays. The most common variables affecting spray characteristics include a characteristic dimension of atomizer, d Hquid density, Pjj Hquid dynamic viscosity, ]ljj, surface tension. O pressure, AP Hquid velocity, V gas density, p and gas velocity, V. ... 

The product gas after cleanup consists of primarily CO and H2. Combustion of coal gas in high firing-temperature gas turbines converts virtually all of the CO to CO2, and gas turbine exhaust is expected to contain no more than 10 ppm CO when operating at design conditions. Carbon monoxide emissions from a CGCC plant are thus expected to be around one-tenth those of a modem coal-fired plant equipped with low NO burners. 

There is only very few process design literature for the calculation of power input for shake flasks [14-17]. Only the recent publication of Biichs et al. [17] provides a suitable correlation for the operating and geometric conditions... 

The basic concept behind HAZOP studies is that processes work well when operating under design conditions. When deviations from the process design conditions occur, operability problems and accidents can occur. The HAZOP study method uses guide words to assist the analysis team in considering the causes and consequences of deviations. These guide words are applied at specific points or sections in a process and are combined with specific process parameters to identify potential deviations from intended operation. 

Design evaluation of performance, reliability, durability, maintainability, and safety under expected operational and storage conditions is carried out. 

The conditions of the gas feed may or may not vary, but is normally taken as given. The column pressure is normally fairly constant. The main operational variable is the amount of MSA required the more solvent that is used, the more gas will be absorbed. However, the more liquid is present in the column, the wider the column needs to be, which will make the column more expensive. As for distillation, a trade-off therefore exists between operation and design. 

The liquid hydrogen trailers are also designed and constructed to meet the rigors of highway operations and the conditions encountered daily while transporting seven (7) billion cubic feet of liquid hydrogen across the country per year. 

The results obtained were checked for parametric sensitivity. It was found that under all practical conditions and for Sp > 0.5 Op > 0.5 runaway can not occur if the selectivity or yield criteria are adhered to. This means that the maintaining of a required selectivity or yield requires more stringent operating and design... 

The Microsimulation test (MST). Modification of the operating procedure and experimental conditions of a convential micro activity test (MAT) has led to the so-called microsimulation test (MST, see Figure 3). Basically, the reactor is a fixed bed with transient operation during the catalyst contact time. A complete description of the operation and design of the MST reactor is given by O Connor in (11). Table I gives an overview of the main differences between the MR and the MST. 

Since rotary driers are relatively inexpensive, are easy to operate and clean, and require little maintenance, they are commonly used by the process industries to dry granular free-flowing solids. However, until a few years ago, little was known quantitatively about the factors influencing the operation and design of this equipment. It was difficult for the process engineer to estimate the size of such equipment or the conditions under which it will operate most efficiently. A suitable procedure should be developed that would permit the process engineer to estimate the size of a rotary drier required for a given job. 

Incineration is another reclamation technique in use. The multiple-hearth furnace can operate under designed conditions for years with low maintenance and low energy consumption (108). The fluid-bed incinerator is also very effective (108). Tests have shown that all organic compounds are decomposed and most carbon residue oxidized. The ash is of high nickel value being predominately... 

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