Clinical pathology

M. J. Dulfano, ed.. Sputum, Fundamentals and Clinical Pathology, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, HI., 1973. 

Sunderman, F. W., Jr. "Atomic Absorption Spectrometry of Trace Metals In Clinical Pathology". Hum. Pathol. (1973),... 

Another aspect of the GLP requirements that is often overlooked when only electronic systems are used is that, in the event of a system failure, a back-up paper version should be available and reasonably located nearby. For example, should an electronic SOP system fail, it is unlikely that a government inspector will consider one paper copy of the SOP adequate for a large facility that includes held sites, animal rooms, an analytical laboratory, an immunology laboratory, and a clinical pathology laboratory. 

MacDonald, T.T., Choy, M.Y., Spencer, J., Richman, P.I., Diss, T., Hanchard, B., Venugopal, S., Bundy, D.A. and Cooper, E.S. (1991) Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the caecum in children with the Trichuris dysentery syndrome. Journal of Clinical Pathology 44, 194-199. 

Labib, M. The Investigation and Management of Obesity. Journal of Clinical Pathology 56(2003) 17-25. 

Lleo, A., Berezovska, O., Growdon, J. H. and Hyman, B. T. (2004). Clinical, pathological, and biochemical spectrum of Alzheimer disease associated with PS-1 mutations. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 12, 146-56. 

Figure 16.1 Montage of images, after immunostaining of peptides. The antibody clones for these analytes are D07 (p53), 9C2 (HER2), 1D5 (ER), and 636 (PR). The peptides were spotted in duplicate, adjacent to each other. The left-hand column ( Not Fixed ) illustrates stained peptide spots that were not fixed, representing a baseline condition. The middle column was fixed in formalin and not antigen retrieved. The peptides for p53 and HER2 lost immunoreactivity whereas the peptides for ER and PR continued to be immunoreactive. The right-hand column of peptide spots were both formalin fixed and antigen retrieved. Adapted with permission from Reference 16, 2004 American Society for Clinical Pathology.

Figure 16.5 Immunostained peptide arrays after various treatments of fixation, protein cross-linking, and antigen retrieval, as indicated at the top. Each row has a different peptide that is immunoreactive for the antibody denoted to the left. Column A represents the baseline condition, without any treatment whatsoever. Column B shows immunoreactivity of each peptide after overnight formalin fixation. Column C shows the immunoreactivity after first coating the array with an irrelevant protein (casein) followed by overnight formalin fixation. Column D illustrates the immunoreactivity of the peptides after the treatment of column C, and then antigen retrieval. Reproduced with permission from Reference 15, 2006 American Society for Clinical Pathology.

Figure 16.6 Schematic molecular model accounting for the loss and subsequent recovery of immunoreactivity after formalin fixation and antigen retrieval. Adapted from Reference 15, 2006 American Society for Clinical Pathology.

Figure 16.8 Intensity of immunohistochemical staining as a function of the length of antigen retrieval time. All values represent the mean of triplicate measurements. The staining intensity of a peptide array that was not formalin fixed is shown at the far right of the graph, as a control. Reproduced with permission from Reference 15, 2006 American Society for Clinical Pathology.

Shan-Rong Shi, Professor of Clinical Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, and Associate Editor of Journal of... 

Medical laboratories have some specific needs and these are incorporated in ISO 15189 2003, Medical Laboratories - Particular Requirements for Quality and Competence [8]. The requirements of both ISO 9001 and ISO/IEC 17025 are incorporated within this Standard. It is a customized version of ISO/IEC 17025 for medical laboratories. In the UK, UKAS have designated Clinical Pathology Accreditation (UK) Ltd as the authoritative body to accredit against this Standard. 

Bowen, D. 2002. Haemophilia a and haemophilia b molecular insights. Journal of Clinical Pathology - Molecular Pathology 55(1), 1-18. 

Clinical pathology (limited to evaluating the morphology of white blood cells, and usually this is actually deferred until there are indications that such data is needed) ... 

Dogs should be selected for study use on the basis of acceptable body weights, urinalysis, and clinical pathology findings, as well as physical, ophthalmic, and electrocardiographic evaluations. To minimize familial effects, efforts should be made to ensure that no two littermates of the same sex are assigned to the same treatment group. 

Gad, S.C. (1996a). Histologic and clinical pathology in the safety assessment and development of new therapeutic agents. Scand. J. Lab. Anim. Sci. 

Combining two different scientific disciplines morphology and immunochemistry immunohistochemistry has developed as an important instrument in research and clinical pathology. A basic understanding of underlying principles and potential problems is unavoidable if you want to be successful in your use of immunohistochemistry, as well as in getting your papers published and your research grants funded. 

Prain JFI, Smith GFI. 1952. A clinical-pathological report of eight cases of methyl bromide poisoning. Br J Ind Med 9 44-49. 

My story is a peculiar one. It is hard to know what to make of it. The notion of some kind of fantastically complicated visionary revelation that happens to put one at the very center of the action is a symptom of mental illness. This theory does that, and yet so does immediate experience, and so do the ontologies of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. My theory may be clinically pathological, but unlike these religious systems, I have enough humor to realize this. It is important to appreciate the intrinsic comedy of privileged knowledge. It is also important to have recourse to the scientific method whenever appropriate. Most scientific theories can be disproven in the calm confines of the laboratory, evolution to the contrary. 

Lipkin LE, Lipkin BS (1975) Computers in the clinical pathologic laboratory chemistry and image processing. Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng 4 529-577... 

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