Edetate salt

Antimicrobial activity ethanol is bactericidal in aqueous mixtures at concentrations between 60% and 95% v/v the optimum concentration is generally considered to be 70% v/v. Antimicrobial activity is enhanced in the presence of edetic acid or edetate salts. Ethanol is inactivated in the presence of nonionic surfactants and is ineffective against bacterial spores. 

Edetate salts are more stable than edetic acid see also Edetic acid). However, disodium edetate dihydrate loses water of crystallization when heated to 120°C. Aqueous solutions of disodium edetate may be sterilized by autoclaving, and should be stored in an alkali-free container. 

Edetic acid and edetate salts are used in pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and foods as chelating agents. They form stable water-soluble complexes (chelates) with alkaline earth and heavy metal ions. The chelated form has few of the properties of the free ion, and for this reason chelating agents are often described as removing ions from solution this process is also called sequestering. The stability of the metal-edetate complex depends on the metal ion involved and also on the pH. The calcium chelate is relatively weak and will preferentially chelate heavy metals, such as iron, copper, and lead, with the release of calcium ions. For this reason, edetate calcium disodium is used therapeutically in cases of lead poisoning see also Section 18. 

Aqueous solutions of edetic acid or edetate salts may be sterilized by autoclaving, and should be stored in an alkali-free container. 

Calcium play vital role in excitation - contraction coupling in myocardium. Calcium mediates contraction in vascular and other smooth muscles. Calcium is required for exocytosis and also involved in neurotransmitters release. Calcium also help in maintaining integrity of mucosal membranes and mediating cell adhesions. Hypercalcemia may occur in hyperthyroidism, vitamin D intoxication and renal insufficiency, which can be treated by administration of calcitonin, edetate sodium, oral phosphate etc. Hypocalcemia may occur in hypothyroidism, malabsorption, osteomalacia secondary to leak of vitamin D or vitamin D resistance, pancreatitis and renal failure. Hypocalcemia can be treated by chloride, gluconate, gluceptate, lactate and carbonate salts of calcium. 

Salt and chelate formation with edetate (ethylenediaminetetraacetate, EDTA). A In a solution of calcium disodium salt of EDTA, the sodium and hydrogen ions are chemically and biologically available. B In solutions of calcium disodium edetate, calcium is bound by coordinate-covalent bonds with nitrogens as well as by the usual ionic bonds. C In the lead-edetate chelate, lead is incorporated into five heterocyclic rings. 

Cyanide has many sources natural (plant-Cassava), industrial (cyanide salts and nitriles), and accidental (fires). The target organ is the brain death is from respiratory arrest. Cyanide blocks cytochrome a-a3 (cytochrome oxidase) in mitochondria. The toxic level is 1 mg mL-1 in blood. Treatment involves giving dicobalt edetate (chelation). Alternatively, by giving NaNCb, levels of methemoglobin are increased, and this binds cyanide. Detoxication is catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese, and this pathway may be increased by giving NaS207. 

Edetate trisodium more soluble in water than the corresponding acid or disodium salt... 

Desferrioxamine Desferrioxamine is incompatible with heparin. This is used in chronic and acute poisoning by iron and other metal ions, such as aluminium load. Edetic acid and its salts chelate metal ions and drugs having such ions. Naloxone hydrochloride is incompatible with bisulfate, metabisulfite, high molecular weight anions, and alkaline preparations. Care should be exercised when treating patients with naloxone and naltrexone, as they may cause withdrawal symptoms. 

Calcium Carbonate, 55 Calcium Chloride, 56, (Sl)5 Calcium Chloride, Anhydrous, 56 Calcium Chloride Double Salt of dl- or d-Calcium Pantothenate, 66 Calcium Chloride Solution, 57, (Sl)6 Calcium Chloride TS, 850 Calcium Citrate, 58, (S2)4 Calcium Disodium Edetate, 59 Calcium Disodium EDTA, 59 Calcium Disodium... 

Salts of edetic acid are stiU used in intravenous chelation therapy as an alternative treatment for atherosclerotic disease in several countries (SEDA-10,225) (2-7). Many of the data on their adverse effects are derived from older studies. There is some evidence of efficacy, although the dangers are obvious (SED-14,722) (8,9). 

Sodium calcium edetate can cause the same adverse effects as the disodium salt, with the exception of hypocalcemia. 

Salts of edetic acid have been reported to cause symptomatic zinc deficiency, with abnormalities of the skin, including crusted lesions of the mouth and eyelids, leuko-keratosis of the tongue, stomatitis, and a papular, pustular, erosive rash of the face and perianally, alopecia, and white bands on the nails (17,18). 

Salts of edetic acid are teratogenic in animals, probably by causing zinc deficiency (22,23). However, there is no evidence of teratogenicity in humans. 

Disodium EDTA disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate edathamil disodium edetate disodium edetic acid, disodium salt. 

Synonyms dipotassium edathamil dipotassium ethylenedi-aminetetraacetate edathamil dipotassium edetate dipotassium edetic acid dipotassium salt EDTA dipotassium N,N -l,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)glycine] dipotassium salt ethylenebis(iminodiacetic acid) dipotassium salt ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dipotassium salt (ethylene-dinitrilo)tetraacetic acid dipotassium salt tetracemate dipotassium. 

Synonyms calcium disodium edetate calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate calcium disodium (ethylene-dinitrilo)tetraacetate E385 edathamil calcium disodium edetic acid calcium disodium salt EDTA calcium ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid calcium disodium chelate [(ethyl-enedinitrilo)tetraacetato]calciate(2-) disodium sodium calciumedetate Nersene CA. 

Synonyms edetate sodium edetic acid tetrasodium salt EDTA tetrasodium N,N -l,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)-glycine] tetrasodium salt ethylenebis(iminodiacetic acid) tetrasodium salt ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt Sequestrene NA4 tetracemate tetrasodium tetracemin tetrasodium edetate tetrasodium ethylenebis(iminodi-acetate) tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate Versene. 

Synonyms edetate trisodium edetic acid trisodium salt EDTA trisodium N,N -1,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)gly-cine] trisodium salt ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid trisodium salt (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid trisodium salt Sequestrene NA3 trisodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate Versene-9. 

Comments more soluble in water than either the disodium salt or the free acid. Trisodium edetate also occurs as the monohydrate and is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a chelating agent. The EINECS number for trisodium edetate is 205-758-8. 

Other salts of edetic acid that are commercially available include diammonium, dimagnesium, ferric sodium, and magnesium disodium edetates. Therapeutically, a dose of 50mg/kg body-weight of disodium edetate, as a slow infusion over a 24-hour period, with a maximum daily dose of 3 g, has been used as a treatment for hypercalcemia. For the treatment of lead poisoning, a dose of 60-80 mg/kg of edetate calcium disodium, as a slow infusion in two daily doses, for 5 days, has been used. 

Incompatible with halides anionic emulsifying agents and suspending agents tragacanth starch talc sodium metabisulfite sodium thiosulfate disodium edetate silicates aluminum and other metals amino acids ammonia and ammonium salts sulfur compounds rubber and some plastics. 

The antimicrobial activity of phenylmercuric salts may be reduced in the presence of anionic emulsifying agents and suspending agents, tragacanth, starch, talc, sodium metabisul-fite, sodium thiosulfate, disodium edetate, and silicates... 

Name Edetic add, disodium salt, dihydrate Sample preparation Potassium bromide dispersion 1.5 mg / 300 mg... 

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