Dysentery symptoms

This material is hazardous through inhalation and ingestion. Symptoms from ingestions include diarrhea (may be bloody), dysentery, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Symptoms from inhalation are not fully documented but may result in breathing difficulty due to fluid accumulation in the lungs. 

Signs and Symptoms Causes enteritis, dysentery, and toxemia in horses, sheep, cattle, and pigs. Mortality may be high in lambs, calves, pigs, and foals. In birds, typically the only sign is a sudden increase in mortality (<50% ). However, birds with depression, ruffled feathers, and diarrhea may also be seen. Gangrenous dermatitis is characterized by gangrenous necrosis of the skin and a sharp increase in mortality (<60% ). 

Initial signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, and fever followed by frequent watery stools. Within a few days, patients experience a decrease in fever, severe abdominal pain, and tenderness prior to the development of bloody diarrhea and other signs of dysentery. 

The protozoan Entamoeba histolytica causes amebiasis, an infection that is endemic in parts of the United States. The parasite can be present in the host as either an encysted or a trophozoite form. Initial ingestion of the cyst may result either in no symptoms or in severe amebic dysentery characterized by the frequent passage of bloodstained stools. The latter symptom occurs after invasion of the intestinal mucosa by the actively motile and phagocytic trophozoite form of the protozoan. 

Amebiasis is an infection of the large intestine produced by Entamoeba histolytica that causes symptoms that range from mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery. Therapy includes treating the asymptomatic carrier of the cysts, as well as the acute amebic dysentery, and the amebic hepatitis and abscess in the symptomatic patient. 

Dehydroemetine is given for 5 d and effects rapid relief of the symptoms of acute amebic dysentery. The patient is then switched to metronidazole. If the response to metronidazole is not satisfactory, dehydroemetine plus tetracycline or dehydroemetine plus paromomycin are given along with the metronidazole. 

The use of emetine and dehydroemetine is limited to unusual circumstances in which severe amebiasis warrants effective therapy and metronidazole cannot be used. Dehydroemetine is preferred over emetine because of its somewhat better toxicity profile. The drugs should be used to treat amebic dysentery or amebic liver abscess for the minimum period needed to relieve severe symptoms (usually 3-5 days). 

The data about fields of application of Silics in clinics for treatment for infectious diseases are presented in Table 4. From Table 4 it is evident that the field of application of Silics is rather large and covers both intestinal infections and toxicoses which victimize infants, as well as viral hepatitis, and botulism. It is appropriate to mention here that inclusion of Silics into the complex treatment of patients suffering from salmonellosis, dysentery, and intestinal toxicoses accelerates normalization of clinic manifestations of these diseases by a factor of two and more. In the case of botulism the normalization of symptoms characteristic of lesions of the nervous system is shortened by almost 4 days. If intestinal infections are not severe, Silics can be recommended as a single therapeutic agent. In the case of a considerable diarrheal syndrome it is more expedient to use it together with rehydration substances. Inclusion of Silics into a complex of therapeutic agents for patients suffering from viral hepatitis substantially accelerates recovery rates of patients, so that their normal level of bilirubin and activity of alanine aminotranspherase are recovered within shorter periods of time. 

Amebiasis (also called amebic dysentery) is an infection of the intestinal tract caused by Entamoeba histolytica. The disease can be acute or chronic with patients showing varying degrees of illness, from no symptoms to mild diarrhea to fulminating dysentery. Diagnosis is made by isolating E, histolytica in fresh feces. Therapy is aimed not only at the acutely ill patient but also at those who are asymptomatic carriers since dormant E. histolytica may cause future infections in the carrier and may be a potential source of infection of others. 

Incubation usually averages 2 to 4 days. The most common symptoms include diarrhea of varying consistency and severity, abdominal pain, and fever. Nausea, vomiting, headache, myalgias, and malaise may also occur. Bowel movements may be numerous, bloody (dysentery-like), foul smelling, and melenic and range from loose to watery (dysentery-like). 

Trophozoites reproduce by simple division, and they may invade the lining of the large intestine, resulting in symptoms (colitis, diarrhea, dysentery). 

Colitis in the rectosigmoid mucosa, with concomitant malabsorption, results in the characteristic sign of bacillary dysentery diarrhea tinged with blood and mucus. Shigellosis can be correctly diagnosed in most patients on the basis of fresh blood in the stool however, watery, mucoid diarrhea may be the only symptom of many Shigella infections. This disease differs from profuse watery diarrhea, as is commonly seen in choleraic diarrhea or in enterotoxigenic... 

Symptoms of amoebic dysentery are associated with mucosal invasion and ulceration. Mucosal erosion causes diarrhoea, the severity of which increases with the level of invasion and colonization. Symptoms can also be affected by the site of the infection. Peritonitis as a result of perforation has been reported in connection with severe amoebic infection. Extra-intestinal amoebiasis is usually associated with liver infection, causing abscesses and/or enlargement. The abscess appears as a slowly enlarging liver mass and will cause noticeable pain. Jaundice may also occur due to blockage of the bile. Pleural, pulmonary, and pericardial infection results from metastatic spread from the liver, but can also manifest in other parts of the viscera or give rise to a brain abscess. However, these complications are uncommon. 

Achyranthes aspera (family Amaranthaceae) is an indigenous medicinal plant of Asia and is commonly used by traditional healers for the treatment of malarial fever, dysentery, asthma, hypertension and diabetes (Girach and Khan, 1992). A root extract is also used to treat scorpion and snake bites by Indian tribes. A typical yellows and small leaves symptoms... 

Symptoms from EHEC infection can be severe, with as many as 11 to 12 bloody stools per day." " " Cramping and severe abdominal pain are common. Nausea occurs in about two-thirds of patients, and vomiting occurs in less than a third. Symptoms usually last 1 week. The white blood cell (WBC) count is elevated and accompanied by a left shift, but patients often remain afebrile. Stool cultures should be performed when EHEC is suspected. Death may occur rarely, usually as a result of HUS. EIEC infection presents most commonly as watery diarrhea, which can be indistinguishable from the secretory diarrhea seen with ETEC, but in a minority of cases, patients experience the dysentery syndrome, manifested as blood, mucus, and leukocytes in the stool with tenesmus and fever. 

Initial signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, and fever followed by frequent watery stools. Within a few days, patients experience a decrease in fever, severe abdominal pain, and tenderness prior to the development of bloody diarrhea and other signs of dysentery (see Table 111 ). Stools are often greenish in color and contain leukocytes. Fluid and electrolyte losses may be significant, particularly in infants and elderly patients. In the early stages of the disease, stool cultures are positive. A rapid diagnostic test kit that uses DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is also available. 

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