Infections Shigella

Shigella Infections with shigella are rarely accompanied by hepatitis. Direct involvement of the liver in the course of shigellosis is, however, to be feared, as first demonstrated by positive shigella identification from liver biopsy as early as 1910 (J.H.N. Knox Jr. et al.). Shigella-induced cholestatic hepatitis with jaundice and marked histological changes has likewise been reported. (21)... 

Colitis in the rectosigmoid mucosa, with concomitant malabsorption, results in the characteristic sign of bacillary dysentery diarrhea tinged with blood and mucus. Shigellosis can be correctly diagnosed in most patients on the basis of fresh blood in the stool however, watery, mucoid diarrhea may be the only symptom of many Shigella infections. This disease differs from profuse watery diarrhea, as is commonly seen in choleraic diarrhea or in enterotoxigenic... 

Kotloff KL, Winickoff B, Ivanoff JD, et al. Global burden of Shigella infections Implications for vaccine development and implementation. Bull WHO 1999 77 651-656. 

Honma, Y., Sasakawa, C., Tsuji, T., and Iwanaga, M. (2000). Effect of erythromycin on Shigella infection of Caco-2 cells. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 27, 139-145. 

Which is the scientific rationale for administering acidophilus capsules to a child diagnosed with a Shigella infection ... 

The acidophilus capsule will treat the Shigella infection. 

Rose et al. also used QMRA to assess reduction of risk of Shigella infection from diaper changing and disease transmission in daycare centers provided by handwashing with an antibacterial soap [25]. The exposures to the bacteria were based on oral fecal transmission data, and the dose-response assessment was based on infectivity data of Shigella provided by Crockett et al. [26] and results of HCPHWT studies conducted to quantify the reduction of S. marcescens after handwashing. The results of this QMRA model indicated that the use of a well-formulated antimicrobial soap might reduce the risk of infection 1000-fold compared to 100-fold for a control soap. 

L Kotloff, IP Nataro, GA Losonsky, SS Wasserman, TL Hale, DN Taylor, IC Sadoff, MM Levine. A modified Shigella volunteer challenge model in which inoculum is administered with bicarbonate buffer clinical experience and experience for Shigella infectivity. Vaccine 13 1448-1494, 1995. 

Persons with diarrhea usually recover completely, although it may be several months before their bowel habits are entirely normal. About 3% of persons who are infected with one type of Shigella, Shigella flexneri, will later develop pains in their joints, irritation of the eyes, and painful urination. This is called Reiter s syndrome. It can last for months or years, and can lead to chronic arthritis which is difficult to treat. Reiter s syndrome is caused by a reaction to Shigella infection that happens only in people who are genetically predisposed to it. 

Increased susceptibility to Shigella infection (Nelson et al 1972 Haltalin et 1970)... 

Fatal shigella infection induced by folic acid deficiency in young guinea pigs, J. Infect. Dis., 121 275. 

Nelson, J. D. and Haltalin, K. C. (1972) Effect of neonatal folic acid deprivation on later growth and susceptibility to Shigella infection in the guinea pig, Am. J. Clin, Nutr., 25 992. 

---