Doctorate Production

Hall, A. E. (1984). Baccalaureate origins of doctorate recipients in chemistry. Change, 16, 47-49. Hardy, K. R. (1974). Social origins of American scientists and scholars. Science, 185, 497-505. Harmon, L. R., Soldz, H. (1963). Doctorate production in the United States universities, 1920—1962. Washington, DC National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. Hawkins, W. L. (1982). Cited in Barry Meier, Why are there so few black chemists Industrial Chemical News, 3, 1-6. 

National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Office of Scientific Personnel, Doctorate Production in United States Universities, 1936-56, with Baccalaureate Origins of Doctorates in Sciences, Arts, and Humanities, Publication 582, Washington, D. C., 1958. 

What you ought to do is send the doctored product to the manufocturer ond say, Listen, Tm going to put 0 dozen of these on the shelf if you don t send me some money, or put it in my bank occount, like that one extortioner dM. But he didn t even do that. He just swd, Put the money in my bank account or TH start poisoning your product. He ought to hove sent 0 sample of the doctored product. 

Historically, the development of the acrylates proceeded slowly they first received serious attention from Otto Rohm. AcryUc acid (propenoic acid) was first prepared by the air oxidation of acrolein in 1843 (1,2). Methyl and ethyl acrylate were prepared in 1873, but were not observed to polymerize at that time (3). In 1880 poly(methyl acrylate) was reported by G. W. A. Kahlbaum, who noted that on dry distillation up to 320°C the polymer did not depolymerize (4). Rohm observed the remarkable properties of acryUc polymers while preparing for his doctoral dissertation in 1901 however, a quarter of a century elapsed before he was able to translate his observations into commercial reaUty. He obtained a U.S. patent on the sulfur vulcanization of acrylates in 1912 (5). Based on the continuing work in Rohm s laboratory, the first limited production of acrylates began in 1927 by the Rohm and Haas Company in Darmstadt, Germany (6). Use of this class of compounds has grown from that time to a total U.S. consumption in 1989 of approximately 400,000 metric tons. Total worldwide consumption is probably twice that. 

Drum Dyers. Indirect-heat dmm dryers, like spray dryers, are usable only for materials that are fluid initially and pumpable. Drying is effected by applying a thin film of material onto the outer surface of a rotating heated dmm using appHcator roUs, spray nozzles, or by dipping the dmm into a reservoir. Usually the dmm is cast iron or steel and chrome-plated to provide a smooth surface for ease of product release by doctoring. Dmm rotational speed is such that... 

Family of the scientist has presented documentar y materials to Academy of sciences in June 1974. Among them, the most important ar e manuscripts, typewritten copies about 100 scientific works of the scientist and working materials to them. Its includes articles, reports, monographs, the textbooks written by A.K. Babko during last 25 year s working writing-books with extracts, marks on various questions, abstracts of chemical literature responses and reviews on thesis of Ph.D. and doctor s degrees, on ar ticles, books, textbooks. For example, early works Product of solubility , To a technique of definition of strontium in minerals (1940-s), many unpublished works in 1940-1960, etc. 

In 1901 Otto Rohm reported on his studies of acrylic polymers for his doctoral dissertation. His interest in these materials, however, did not cease at this stage and eventually in 1927 the Rohm and Hass concern at Darmstadt, Germany commenced limited production of poly(methyl acrylate) under the trade names... 

The prime technical innovator and product champion for glass-ceramics was a physical chemist, S. Donald Stookey (b. 1915 Figure 9.14), who Joined the Corning Laboratory in 1940 after a chemical doctorate at MIT. He has given an account of... 

In this chapter, AFM palpation was introduced to verify the entropic elasticity of a single polymer chain and affine deformation hypothesis, both of which are the fundamental subject of mbber physics. The method was also applied to CB-reinforced NR which is one of the most important product from the industrial viewpoint. The current status of arts for the method is still unsophisticated. It would be rather said that we are now in the same stage as the ancients who acquired fire. However, we believe that here is the clue for the conversion of rubber science from theory-guided science into experiment-guided science. AFM is not merely high-resolution microscopy, but a doctor in the twenty-first century who can palpate materials at nanometer scale. 

The customer might now be led to believe that the products are safer, because biological variability (huge, by comparison), medical practise (it is left to the doctor s discretion to adjust the dose), or compliance (dismal) are outside this discussion. 

If you buy over-the-counter pesticide products to apply yourself, be sure the product is in an unopened pesticide container that is labeled and has an EPA registration number. You should be careful to follow the instructions on the label. If you plan to spray inside a building or your home, check to see if the pesticide is intended for indoor use. If you feel sick after a pesticide has been used in your home, see your doctor or call the local poison control center. 

Endosulfan and its breakdown products can be measured in your blood, urine, and body tissues if you have been exposed to a large amount. Tests to measure endosulfan in such bodily tissues or fluids are not usually available at a doctor s office because special equipment is needed. 

Rosa Llusar was born on September 20th, 1960 in Almenara (Spain). She studied chemistry at the University of Valencia (Spain) where she graduated in 1983 with the highest honors. Her doctorate work was devoted to the chemistry of cubane-type molybdenum and tungsten sulfides and she received Ph.D. degrees from Valencia University in 1987 and from Texas A M University (USA) in 1988, under the guidance of Prof. F. Albert Cotton. After working in the Research and Development Department of a Caprolactam Production Plant in Castello (Spain) for three years, she spent one year (1992) with Prof John D. Corbett at the... 

There are some tests that can show if you have been recently exposed to trichloroethylene since this chemical can be measured in your breath. Also, a doctor can have trichloroethylene or a number of breakdown products of trichloroethylene measured in your urine or blood. None of these tests, however, is routinely available at your doctor s office. If the measurements are done soon after the exposure, the breath levels can indicate whether you have been exposed to a large amount of trichloroethylene or only a small amount. Urine and blood tests can also show if you have been exposed to large amounts of this chemical. Because one of the breakdown products leaves your body very slowly, it can be measured in the urine for up to about 1 week after trichloroethylene exposure. However, exposure to other similar chemicals can produce the same breakdown products in your urine and blood. Therefore, these methods cannot determine for sure whether you have been exposed to trichloroethylene. For more information on medical tests, see Chapters 2 and 6. 

Much of the material presented in this book is based on the direct experience of the authors. This would not have been possible without the hard work and input of our colleagues, students and post-doctoral fellows. We sincerely want to acknowledge each of them for their good research and contributions without which we would not have been able to treat such a broad range of subjects. Some of them read chapters or helped in other ways. We also owe thanks to the chemometrics community and at the same time we have to offer apologies. We have had the opportunity of collaborating with many colleagues and we have profited from the research and publications of many others. Their ideas and work have made this book possible and necessary. The size of the book shows that they have been very productive. Even so, we have cited only a fraction of the literature and we have not included the more sophisticated work. Our wish was to consolidate and therefore to explain those methods that have become more or less accepted, also to... 

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