Doctorate Production American Universities

Hall, A. E. (1984). Baccalaureate origins of doctorate recipients in chemistry. Change, 16, 47-49. Hardy, K. R. (1974). Social origins of American scientists and scholars. Science, 185, 497-505. Harmon, L. R., Soldz, H. (1963). Doctorate production in the United States universities, 1920—1962. Washington, DC National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. Hawkins, W. L. (1982). Cited in Barry Meier, Why are there so few black chemists Industrial Chemical News, 3, 1-6. 

In 1953, however, Julian decided to resign his position at Glidden to found Julian Laboratories. Julian s company specialized in steroid chemistry and the production of steroid dmgs from Mexican yams. In 1961, Julian sold his profitable company to Smith, Kline French Laboratories for more than 2.3 million. However, Julian remained as president of the company (Borman, 1993). Later, Julian repurchased one of his laboratories and established a nonprofit research organization known as the Julian Research Institute. In collaboration between the Institute and the graduate center of the University of Illinois, Julian directed doctoral dissertation research. He also served as a mentor to countless young African American chemists (Borman, 1993). 

Currently, African Americans are severely underrepresented on the chemistry faculties of historically white colleges and universities. This is especially the case at highly selective research universities. Some critics argue that this situation may play a major role in the under production of doctoral chemistry degrees awarded to African Americans, especially at highly selective universities. 

CAROTHERS. WALLACE H. 0896-1937). Bom in Iowa. Carothers obtained his doctorate in chemistry at the University of Illinois. He joined the research staff of Du Pom in 1928, where lie undertook the development of polychioroprene (later called neoprene) that had been initialed by Nieuland" research on acetylene polymers. Carother s crowning achievement was the synthesis of nylon, the reaction product of hexamethylenetetramine and adipic acid. Carother s work in the polymerization mechanisms of fiber like synthetics of cyclic organic stoic-lures was brilliant and productive, and he is regarded as one of the most original and creative American chemists of the early 20"1 cenlury. 

These groups have been subjected to extensive analysis. See Martin Kaufman, Homeopathy in America The Rise and Fall of a Medical Heresy (Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971) John S. Haller Jr., Medical Protestants The Eclectics in America, 1825-1939 (Carbondale Southern Illinois University, 1994) Haller, Kindly Medicine Physio-Medicalism in America, 1836-1911 (Kent, OH Kent State University Press, 1997) Haller, The People s Doctors Samuel Thomson and the American Botanical Movement, 1790-1860 (Carbondale Southern Illinois University Press, 2000) and Alex Berman and Michael A. Flannery, America s Botanico-Medical Movements VoxPopuli (Binghamton, NY Pharmaceutical Products Press, 2001), pp. 17-31. 

Taschler, David R., PE is a business manager at Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. in Allentown, PA and an adjunct professor in the Engineering Division at Lafayette College in Easton, PA. He conducted his doctoral research on the Characteristics of Board of Director Members and Corporate Commitment to Sustainable Development at the University of Phoenix. Dr. Taschler is a former Management Verifier for the American Chemistry Council s Responsible Care program and is a member of the AIChE Sustainability Division and the Academy of Management. 

Research Achievement Award in Natural Products, Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Honorary doctorates. University of Paris Uppsala University. Honorary memberships, American Society of Pharmacognosy, French Pharmacognosy Society. 

Seaborg, Glenn Theodore (1912-99) An American chemist noted as one of the discoverers of plutonium (plutonium-238 and plutonium-239). Gaining his doctorate in 1937 from the University of California, he was appointed professor of chemistry in 1945. He was responsible for nuclear chemical research at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory and headed the Manhattan Project group from 1942 to 1946 that devised the chemical extraction processes used in the production of plutonium. He codiscovered nine other transuranium elements, including the element seaborgium, atomic number 106, which is named after him. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1951. 

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