Disinfectants powders

Solid disinfectants (disinfectant powders) usually consist of a disinfectant substance diluted by an inert powder. For example phenolic substances adsorbed onto kieselguhr form the basis of many disinfectant powders, while another widely used powder of respectable antiquity is hypochlorite powder. Disinfectant or antiseptic powders for use in medicine include substances such as acrifiavine, or antifungal compounds such as zinc undecenoate or salicylic acid mixed with talc. 

If the cut is Only a minor one, allow it to bleed for a few seconds, see that no glass remains, apply a disinfectant (rectified spirit, Dettol, 1 per cent aqueous chloramine-T solution, or sulpha-pyridine powder) and bandage. 

Trisodium phosphate is strongly alkaline many of its appHcations depend on this property. For example, many heavy-duty cleaning compositions contain trisodium phosphate as a primary alkalinity source. The crystalline dodecahydrate itself is marketed as a cleaning compound and paint remover. Traditionally, trisodium phosphate has been used in water softening to remove polyvalent metal ions by precipitation as insoluble phosphates. Because the hypochlorite complex of trisodium phosphate provides solutions that are strongly alkaline and contain active chlorine, it is used in disinfectant cleaners, scouring powders, and automatic dishwashing formulations. 

The use of chlorinated trisodium phosphate is declining. It has been largely replaced by chlorinated isocyanurates in powdered abrasive cleansers and automatic dishwash detergents to reduce cost, improve performance, or comply with restrictions on the use of phosphates. Some chlorinated trisodium phosphate is stiU used in commercial laundries and in disinfectant cleaners. 

Most of the CA produced commercially is chlorinated to produce SDCC, SDCC-H, PDCC, TCCA, and the double salt TCCA4PDCC. These have become standard ingredients in formulations for scouring powders, household bleaches, institutional and industrial cleansers, automatic dishwasher compounds, and general sanitizers, and most importantly, in swimming pool and spa/hot tub disinfection. The choice of chloroisocyanurate for any particular... 

Povidone—iodine is a brown, water-soluble powder containing approximately 10% iodine. However, the amount of free iodine, which is responsible for the antimicrobial activity, is low in a concentrated solution, but is released as the solution is diluted (41). Concentrated solutions have actually been contaminated with bacteria (42). For use as an antiseptic, povidine—iodine is diluted with water or alcohol to a concentration of 1% iodine. Detergents are added if it is used as a surgical scmb. lodophors are important as broad-spectmm antiseptics for the skin, although they do not have the persistent action of some other antiseptics. They are also used as disinfectants for clinical thermometers that have been used by tuberculous patients, for surface disinfection of tables, etc, and for clean equipment in hospitals, food plants, and dairies, much as chlorine disinfectants are used. 

Several of these compounds and their derivatives are commercially and industrially important. Urea has already been mentioned on p. 311. Again, world production of chloroisocyanurates, (C1NC=0)3, in 1987 was ca. 80000 tonnes (50000 tonnes in USA alone, of which 75% went for swimming pool disinfection and most of the rest for scouring powders, household bleaches and dishwashing powder formulations). 

Sodium hypochlorite is one of the best disinfectants known, capable of killing bacteria, yeasts, fungus, spores, and even viruses. Because it is an excellent disinfectant as well as a bleaching agent, it is used in many household cleaners. Sodium hypochlorite is also used to disinfect water supplies and swimming pools (although calcium hypochlorite in powder or pellet form is often used as a substitute, due to the convenience of its solid form). 

Disinfectant and sanitary powders are the subjeet of a British Standard (BS 1013 1946), now withdrawn, whieh describes a method of determining the RW coeffieient of such powders. A weighed quantity was shaken with distilled water at 18°C for 30 minutes and this suspension was used in the test already deseribed (seetion 3.1.1). 

Pharmaceutical products of widely differing forms are susceptible to contamination by a variety of microorganisms, as shown by a few examples given in Table 19.1. Disinfectants, antiseptics, powders, tablets and other products providing an inhospitable... 

The most important application for singlet oxygen generators (SOGs), namely the anti-cancer treatment known as photodynamic therapy (PDT), is described elsewhere in this series (see Chapter 9.22). However, SOGs are also being evaluated in other areas, such as hard surface disinfectants, soaps and washing powders,73 and insecticides.74,75... 

Chlorine compounds are found all around the home. On the table is sodium chloride, ordinary table salt. In the kitchen and bath are chlorine scouring powders, and chlorine bleach is used in the laundry. Chlorine is used as a disinfectant in swimming pools, and in industry it is used to make paper. 

Direct Exposure In the event that an individual is at the scene of a known or suspected attack (e.g., white-powder letter, aerosol release, etc.), have them wash their hands and face thoroughly with antimicrobial soap and water as soon as possible. If antimicrobial soap is not available, use any available soap or shampoo. They should also blow their nose to remove any agent particles that may have been captured by nasal mucous. Remove all clothing and seal in a plastic bag. To avoid further exposure of the head, neck, and face to the agent, cut off potentially contaminated clothing that must be pulled over the head. Shower using copious amounts of antimicrobial soap (if available) and water. Ensure that the hair has been washed and rinsed to remove potentially trapped agent. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) does not recommend that individuals use bleach or other disinfectants on their skin. 

DISINFECTANT-DETERGENT GENERAL PURP POWDER NINETY 1/20Z PACKETS 6840011357409 PG 30.74 ... 

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