Diene elastomers reinforcement

EPl 114092, Custodero, E., Simonot, L., Tardivat, J.-C., 1999. Rubber composition for tyre, based on diene elastomer and a reinforcing titanium oxide. 

W02002053634, L. Simonot,T. Chartier, and E. Custodero, Rubber composition made with diene elastomer and a reinforcing silicon carbide (2002) W02004003067, L. Simonot, A. Lapra, A. Veyland, and E. Custodero, Rubber composition based on diene elastomer and a reinforcing silicon nitride (2002). 

Most of the specific properties of silica (and silicates) were known more than three decades ago, as reviewed by Wagner in 1976, who somewhat foresaw the tremendous developments that followed. Indeed, in the last decades, significant progress was made in using silica in diene elastomers, supported by the peculiar dynamic properties this filler brings to (diene) elastomers. It permitted the development of the so-called "green tire," because a lower rolling resistance is obtained, when compared with carbon black reinforced tires. 

Silicone rubber and, in general polar polymers, are by nature materials of choice for preparing silica filled systems however limited to niche applications, with respect to the range of properties that such specialty polymers may offer. In order to develop optimum reinforcing performance with more common diene elastomers, silica must be chemically treated as we will see below, because contrary to carbon blacks, silica particles do not develop spontaneous strong interactions with nonpolar polymers. It is nevertheless interesting to see that, even with comparable size and structure, pure silica does not affect the mechanical properties of vulcanized rubber compounds in the same manner as carbon black. 

Wettability of Elastomers and Copolymers. The wettability of elastomers (37, 38) in terms of critical surface tension was reported previously. The elastomers commonly used for the reinforcement of brittle polymers are polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene random and block copolymers, and butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber. Critical surface tensions for several typical elastomers are 31 dyne/cm. for "Diene rubber, 33 dyne/cm. for both GR-S1006 rubber and styrene-butadiene block copolymer (25 75) and 37 dyne/cm. for butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, ( Paracril BJLT nitrile rubber). The copolymerization of butadiene with a relatively polar monomer—e.g., styrene or acrylonitrile—generally results in an increase in critical surface tension. The increase in polarity is also reflected in the increase in the solubility parameter (34,39, 40) and in the increase of glass temperature (40). We also noted a similar increase in critical surface tensions of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers with the... 

Recent findings indicated that this drawback can be overcome by using particular reinforcing agents, i.e. graft copolymers obtained by modifying saturated or low-unsaturated elastomers such as ethylene-propylene (EP) or ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubbers and acrylic elastomers (9-16). 

Table 37 3. Characteristic Properties of Some Reinforced General Purpose Elastomers, NR, Natural Rubber IR, Synthetic cis l,4 poly(isoprene) BR, Poly (butadiene) (Li type) TPR, trans poly(pentenamer) SBR, Styrene j Butadiene Rubber (Emulsion Grade with 40% Styrene) EPDM, Ethylene j Propylene Diene Rubber...

Hoses There are a variety of rubber hoses found under the hood, made from various types of elastomers. The most common elastomer used is ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) with a reinforcement material, mostly rayon yam and aramid yam. The rnbber hoses are lighler in weight than metal and can better endure the harsh vibrations from engine-vehicle and vehicle-road interactions. They can also be formed into a variety of shapes. With the ever-shrinking size of the engine compartment this is very important. 

TPO materials are defined as compounds (mixtures) of various polyolefin polymers, semicrystalline thermoplastics, and amorphous elastomers. Most TPOs are composed of polypropylene and a copolymer of ethylene and propylene called ethylene—propylene rubber (EPR) [2]. A common rubber of this type is called ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM), which has a small amount of a third monomer, a diene (two carbon-carbon double bonds in it). The diene monomer leaves a small amount of unsaturation in the polymer chain that can be used for sulfur cross-linking. Like most TPEs, TPO products are composed of hard and soft segments. TPO compounds include fillers, reinforcements, lubricants, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, colorants, and processing aids. They are characterized by high impact strength, low density, and good chemical resistance they are used when durability and reliability are primary concerns. 

Cellulose butyrate (also carbon black reinforcing pigment) Chlorinated butadiene rubber Conjugated diene butyl elastomer Cellulose plastics in general... 

Chakraborty S, Sahoo N G, Jana G K and Das C K (2004) Self-reinforcing elastomer composites based on ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber and liquid-crystalline polymer, J Appl Polym Sa 93 711-718. 

Tg measurements have been performed on many other polymers and copolymers including phenol bark resins [71], PS [72-74], p-nitrobenzene substituted polymethacrylates [75], PC [76], polyimines [77], polyurethanes (PU) [78], Novolac resins [71], polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polychloroprene, nitrile rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer and butyl rubber [79], bisphenol-A epoxy diacrylate-trimethylolpropane triacrylate [80], mono and dipolyphosphazenes [81], polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid entrapment polymers [82], polyether nitrile copolymers [83], polyacrylate-polyoxyethylene grafts [84], Novolak type thermosets [71], polyester carbonates [85], polyethylene naphthalene, 2,6, dicarboxylate [86], PET-polyethylene 2,6-naphthalone carboxylate blends [87], a-phenyl substituted aromatic-aliphatic polyamides [88], sodium acrylate-methyl methacrylate multiblock copolymers [89], telechelic sulfonate polyester ionomers [90], aromatic polyamides [91], polyimides [91], 4,4"-bis(4-oxyphenoxy)benzophenone diglycidyl ether - 3,4 epoxycyclohexyl methyl 3,4 epoxy cyclohexane carboxylate blends [92], PET [93], polyhydroxybutyrate [94], polyetherimides [95], macrocyclic aromatic disulfide oligomers [96], acrylics [97], PU urea elastomers [97], glass reinforced epoxy resin composites [98], PVOH [99], polymethyl methacrylate-N-phenyl maleimide, styrene copolymers [100], chiral... 

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