Polymer Polyolefin

Nickel also has been used as a dye site in polyolefin polymers, particularly fibers. When a nickel compound, eg, the stearate or bis(p-alkylphenol) monosulfide, is incorporated in the polyolefin melt which is subsequently extmded and processed as a fiber, it complexes with certain dyes upon solution treatment to yield bright fast-colored fibers which are useful in carpeting and other appHcations (189). Nickel stearate complexing of disperse mordant dyes has been studied (190). 

Van Duin, M., and Coussens, B., (Re)evaluation of the Importance of Hydrogen Ahstraction during Radical Grafting of Polyolefins, Polymer Processing Society 11, Stuttgart, 1995. 

T. Alfredson, Reverse Phase Gradient Analysis of Polyolefin Polymer Additives, Publication No. LC-123, Varian Instmment Group, Walnut Creek, CA (n.d.). 

Butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, and neoprene are monomers with two double bonds. They form a linear polyolefin polymer that stiU has double bonds remaining in the chain. These... 

Flynn, J. H., A collection of kinetic data for the diffusion of organic compounds in polyolefins , Polymer, 23, 1325-1344 (1982). 

Phosphorus FR compounds cover a wide range of chemical structures not only as additives incorporated in the molten state in thermoplastics but also as reactive components introduced as monomers in thermoset polymers phosphates, phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphine oxides, phosphites, red phosphorus, etc. They can be also used as layered silicate modifiers. Organic phosphates and red phosphorus are among the most frequent additive FRs used in various non-polyolefinic polymers. 

Chang, S. 1984, Migration of low molecular weight components from polymers 1. Methodology and diffusion of straight-chain octadecane in polyolefins. Polymer Vol. 25.209-217. 

Orlando, FI., 7th-11th May, 2000, paper 557 ROLE OF PHOSPHITES IN STABILIZATION OF NON-POLYOLEFIN POLYMERS... 

Mechanisms of degradation in condensation polymers, and the stabilisation of these polymers and non-polyolefin polymers such as poly(vinyl chloride) using organophosphites is discussed in terms of the stability of colour, thermal properties and molecular weight. Stabilisation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polycarbonate by organophosphites was studied experimentally. 5 refs. 

K. H. Lee and D. -H. Shin, Catalytic Degradation of Waste Polyolefinic Polymers Using Spent FCC Catalyst with Various Experimental Variables, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(1), 89-92 (2003). 

U. Arena, M. L. Mastellone, G. Camino and E. Boccaleri, An innovative process for mass production of multi-wall carbon nanotubes by means of low-cost pyrolysis of polyolefins. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91, 763-768 (2006). 

Molecular weights are not often measured directly for control of production of polymers because other product properties are more convenient experimentally or are thought to be more directly related to various end uses. Solution and melt viscosities are examples of the latter properties. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) production is controlled aceording to the viscosity of a solution of arbitrary concentration relative to that of the pure solvent. Polyolefin polymers are made to specific values of a melt flow parameter called melt index, whereas rubber is characterized by its Mooney viscosity, which is a different measure related more or less to melt viscosity. These parameters are obviously of some practical utility, or they would not be used so extensively. They are unfortunately specific to particular polymers and are of little or no use in bringing experience with one polymer to bear on problems associated with another. 

Ziegler-Natta catalyst (ZNC) A catalyst involved in creating highly structured (stereoregular) polyolefin polymer chains. Used to mass-produce polyethylene and polypropylene. 

Klemchuk, P.P. Horng, P.L. Transformation products of hindered phenolic antioxidants and color development in polyolefins. Polym. Deg. Stab. 1991, 34, 333-346. 

Lotz, B. Wittman, J.C. Epitaxy of helical polyolefins polymer blends and polymer-nucleating agent systems. Makromol. Chem. 1984,185, 2043. 

Heterogeneous composite materials made from waste or recycled components such as polyolefin polymers and wood fibers were shown to be made compatible by T. Czvikovszky through the use of small amounts of monomers that graft onto the two normally incompatible phases of said mixtures. These compositions demonstrated sufficient material properties to be used in the construction of truck and automotive components, such as door and side panels. To exploit the use of such recycled resources, process techniques in mixing and compounding had to be developed. 

F. Gugumus, Possibilities and limits of synergism with light stabilizers in polyolefins 1. HALS in polyolefins, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2002, 75, 295-308. 

Table 4.13. Typical polyolefin polymer blends and their characteristics ...

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