Pulmonary alveolar macrophages

Nadeau, D., Lane, D.A., Paradis, D. and Fouquette, L. (1989). Effects of nicotinamide on the cytotoxicity of mineral dusts towards pulmonary alveolar macrophages. In Effects of Mineral Dusts on Cells (eds. B.T. Mossman and R.O. Begin) pp. 115-122. Springert Verlag, Berlin. 

PAI Plasminogen activator inhibitor PA-IgG Platelet associated immunoglobulin G PAM Pulmonary alveolar macrophages... 

Rat (Fischer-344) 4 hr Resp 50 M 200 M (decreased respiratory rate of pulmonary alveolar macrophages stimulated with zymosan) Khan et al. 1991... 

Khan AA, Yong S, Prior MG, et al. 1991. Cytotoxic effects of hydrogen sulfide on pulmonary alveolar macrophages in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health 33 57-64. 

Wong, R.C. and J.B. Stevens. 1986. Bipyridilium herbicide toxicity in vitro comparative study of the cytotoxicity of paraquat and diquat toward the pulmonary alveolar macrophage. Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 18 393-407. 

Brunstetter, M.-A., J. A. Hardie, R. Schiff, J. P. Lewis, and C. E. Cross. The origin of pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Studies of stem cells using the Es-2 marker of mice. Arch. Intern. Med. 127 1064-1068. 1971. 

Plopper, C. G., D. L. Dungworth, and W. S. Tyler. Ultrastructure of pulmonary alveolar macrophages in situ in lungs from rats exposed to ozone. Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis. 108 632-638, 1973. 

Autrup, H., C. C. Harris, G. D. Itmer, J. K. Selkirk, P. M. Scafer, and B. F. Trump (1978). Metabolism of [ H] bezo(a)p)frene by cultured human bronchus and cultured human pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Lab. Invest. 38 217-224. 

Migally N, Murthy RC, Doye A, et al. 1982. Changes in pulmonary alveolar macrophages in rats exposed to oxides of zinc and nickel. J Submicrosc Cytol 14 621-626. 

Cyclo-oxygenase activity. Aqueous cigarette tar extracts, in rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages, increased cyclo-oxygenase activity threefold above the initial activity within 2 hours of incubation and gradually decreased below the initial activity after 8 hours of incubation. Accumulated levels of prostaglandin-2 increased dramatically after 12 hours of incubation . 

R. J. Gonzalez-Rothi, J. Cacace, L. Straub, and H. Schreier, Liposomes and pulmonary alveolar macrophages functional and morphological interactions, Exp. Lung Res. 17 6X1 (1991). 

For humans, the overall chromium(VI)-reducing/sequestering capacities were estimated to be 0.7-2.1 mg/day for saliva, 8.3-12.5 mg/day for gastric juice, 11-24 mg for intestinal bacteria eliminated daily with feces, 3,300 mg/hour for liver, 234 mg/hour for males and 187 mg/hour for females for whole blood, 128 mg/hour for males and 93 mg/hour for females for red blood cells, 0.1-1.8 mg/hour for ELF, 136 mg/hour for pulmonary alveolar macrophages, and 260 mg/hour for peripheral lung parenchyma. Although these ex vivo data provide important information in the conversion of chromium(VI) to reduced states, the values may over or under estimate the in vivo reducing capabilities (De Flora et al. 1997). 

Witz G, Lawrie NJ, Amoruso MA, et al. 1987. Inhibition by reactive aldehydes of superoxide anion radical production from stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and pulmonary alveolar macrophages Effects of cellular sulfhydryl groups and NADPH oxidase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 36 721-726. 

Kurup VP Interaction of Aspergillus fumigatus spores and pulmonary alveolar macrophages of rabbits. Immunobiology 1984 166 53-61. 

Boehme DS, Maples KR, Henderson RF. 1992. Glutathione release by pulmonary alveolar macrophages in response to particles in vitro. Toxicol Lett 60 53-60. 

Nadeau Denis, Bane DA. 1989. On the cytotoxicity of chrysotile asbestos fibers toward pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Toxicol App Pharmacol 98 144-158. 

Macs are ubiquitous throughout the respiratory tract, and discrete populations can be discerned in the airway mucosa, the lung parenchyma ( interstitial macrophages IMs), the luminal surface of the alveoli (pulmonary alveolar macrophages PAMs) and the conducting airways, and in the vascular bed ( intravascular macrophages IVMs). The latter represent a stable marginated population, intimately associated with the endothelial basement membrane they are most common in ruminants (Winkler, 1989) but also occur in humans. 

Table 1.1 Principal secretory products from pulmonary alveolar macrophages...

Bilyk, N. and Holt, P.G. (1993). Inhibition of the immunosuppressive activity of resident pulmonary alveolar macrophages by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J. Exp. Med. 177, 1773-1777. 

Sawyer, RT. (1986a). The ontogeny of pulmonary alveolar macrophages in parabiotic mice. J. Leuk. Biol. 40, 347-354. 

NADH oxidation, and electron transport (Nriagu 1980). Cadmium is a potent enzyme inhibitor, affecting a variety of plant enzymes such as PEP carboxylase, lipase, invertase (Yu 1997), and others. Extensive reports are available concerning Cd-dependent inhibition of enzymes from animals and humans. Alkaline phosphatase and ATPases of myosin and pulmonary alveolar macrophage cells are examples. 

Sheridan CJ, Pfieger RC, McClellan RO. 1978. Cytotoxicity of vanadium pentoxide on pulmonary alveolar macrophages from dog, rabbit, and rat Effect on viability and effect on lipid metabolism. 

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