Protein tyrosine kinases activation

Ting, A. Y., Kain, K. H., Klemke, R. L. and Tsien, R. Y. (2001). Genetically encoded fluorescent reporters of protein tyrosine kinase activities in living cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 15003-8. 

Petruzzelli, L., Herrer, R., Garcia-Arenas, R., and Rosen, R.M. (1985) Acquisition of insulin-dependent protein tyrosine kinase activity during Drosophila embryogenesis.J. Biol. Chem. 226,16072-16075. 

Braunwalder, A.F., Yarwood, D.R., Sills, M.A., and Lipson, K.E., Measurement of the protein tyrosine kinase activity of c-SRC using time-resolved fluorometry of europium chelates, Anal. Biochem., 238, 159, 1996. 

Geahlen RL, Koonchanok NM, McLaughlin JL, Pratt DE. (1989). Inhibition of protein-tyrosine kinase activity by flavonoids and related compounds. J Nat Prod. 52(5) 982-86. 

Insulin binding activates the tyrosine kinase activity associated with the cytoplasmic domain of its receptor as shown in F jure 1-9-4. There is no trimeric G protein, enzyme, or second messenger required to activate this protein tyrosine kinase activity ... 

Honegger, A., M., J. Dull, T., S. Felder, V. Obberghen, E., F. Bellot, D. Szapary, A. Schmidt, A. Ullrich, and J. Schlessinger. Point mutation at the ATP binding site of EGF receptor abolishes protein-tyrosine kinase activity and alters cellular routing. Cell. 51 199-209.1987. 

A. Some cell-surface receptors transduce their signals by means of a kinase cascade initiated by their protein tyrosine kinase activity (Figure l4-4). 

The T and B cell antigen receptors do not have any intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity. Rather, antigen binding leads to recruitment and activation of protein tyrosine kinases on the cytoplasmic side of the receptor. Probably, coupling of the tyrosine kinase takes place via the ARAM motif directly. 

Halistanol sulfate (532) from Halichondria cf. moorei is a tris-sodium sulfate salt, which possesses antimicrobial, hemolytic, and ichthyotoxic activity [444]. It was later isolated from two sponges of the genus Topsentia as the free sterol and found to inhibit pp60v-src protein tyrosine kinase activity [445]. The tris(2-aminoimidazolium) salt of halistanol sulfate (533) was isolated from Topsentia sp. from Japan and is also antimicrobial [446]. 

Dadi, H. Ke, S. Roifman, C.M. Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase by ligation of the interleukin-7 receptor is dependent on protein tyrosine kinase activity. Blood, 84, 1579-1586 (1994)... 

Leptin makes the cells of liver and muscle more sensitive to insulin. One hypothesis to explain this effect suggests cross-talk between the protein tyrosine kinases activated by leptin and those activated by insulin (Fig. 23-35) common second messengers in the two signaling pathways allow leptin to trigger some of the same downstream events that are triggered by insulin, through insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) and phos-phoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K) (Chapter 12). 

The bacterial chemoreceptor (Figs. 11-8 and 19-5) has a very small ligand-binding domain and a larger internal domain that activates a histidine kinase. Many growth-factor receptors, including the insulin receptor (Figs. 11-11,11-12), have internal domains with protein tyrosine kinase activity. 

F Matsumura University of California Davis Determine the toxicological consequences of elevated protein tyrosine kinase activities in guinea pigs and mice and why 2,3,7,8-TCDD causes such an effect on EGF receptors... 

Studies of the oxidation of organic sulfides with amino acid-derived ligands in acetonitrile revealed very little difference between the mechanism of their oxidation and that of halides, except for one major exception. Despite the fact that acid conditions are still required for the catalytic cycle, hydroxide or an equivalent is not produced in the catalytic cycle, so no proton is consumed [48], As a consequence, there is no requirement for maintenance of acid levels during a catalyzed reaction. Peroxo complexes of vanadium are well known to be potent insulin-mimetic compounds [49,50], Their efficacy arises, at least in part, from an oxidative mechanism that enhances insulin receptor activity, and possibly the activity of other protein tyrosine kinases activity [51]. With peroxovanadates, this is an irreversible function. Apparently, there is no direct effect on the function of the kinase, but rather there is inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. The phosphatase regulates kinase activity by dephosphorylating the kinase. Oxidation of an active site thiol in the phosphatase prevents this down-regulation of kinase activity. Presumably, this sulfide oxidation proceeds by the process outlined above. 

Fig. 11.1 Activation of MAPK pathway by Angll and ET-1 in VSMC. Stimulation of Angll and ET-1 receptors through Gq/n activation enhances the activity of PLCp. Activated PLC 3 converts PIP2 to IP3 and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 elevates the concentration of intracellular calcium and DAG activates PKC. PKC and/or Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinases (CaMK) activate nonreceptor (NR) and/or receptor (R) protein tyrosine kinases. Activation of these components signals the stimulation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERKl/2 and p70 s6k. ERK1/2 and p70 s6k are translocated to nucleus and regulate nuclear events by activating transcription factors through phosphorylation.

Slevin, M. et al., Angiogenic oligosaccharides of hyaluronan induce protein tyrosine kinase activity in endothelial cells and activate a cytoplasmic signal transduction pathway resulting in proliferation,... 

A comparison of the structures of single polypeptide chain growth factor receptors that possess protein tyrosine kinase activity... 

It is not known whether c-erbB-2 is a GFR since no ligand for it has yet been identified, but it may possess protein tyrosine kinase activity [21,22]. The sequence of the cytoplasmic domain encodes a tyrosine kinase-like domain very homologous to that of the EGF receptor. This homology (82%) is much higher than that seen between most of the members of the sre gene family (25-40%) and emphasizes the... 

Lawrence, D.S. and Q. Wang. 2007. Seeing is beheving peptide-based fluorescent sensors of protein tyrosine kinase activity. Chem. BioChem. 8, 373-378. 

Cockerill (4) prepared protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors consisting of anilinoquinazoline derivatives, (IV), to regulate aberrant protein tyrosine kinase activity characterized by overexpression or mutation resulting in uncontrolled cell growth. 

Because the primary eveuts between insulin binding to its receptor and glucose transport are signal transduction events, a role for chromodulin in these events has been probed. Chromoduhn activates the tyrosine kinase activity of insulin-activated insulin receptor and activates a membrane phosphotyrosine phosphatase in adipocyte membranes. The addition of bovine liver chromodulin to rat adipocytic membranes in the presence of insuhn results in a concentration-dependent eightfold stimulation of insulin-dependent protein tyrosine kinase activity (while no activation... 

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