Culture systems comparisons

R. U. Agu, M. Jorissen, T. Willems, P. Augustijns, R. Kinget, and N. Verbeke. In-vitro nasal drug delivery studies Comparison of derivatised, fibrillar and polymerised collagen matrix-based human nasal primary culture systems for nasal drug delivery studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 53 1447-1456 (2001). 

Tseng SC, Kruse FE, Merritt J, Li DQ. Comparison between serum-free and fibroblast-cocultured single-cell clonal culture systems Evidence showing that epithelial anti-apoptotic activity is present in 3T3 fibroblast-conditioned media. Curr Eye Res 15 973-984 (1996). 

Table 1. Performance (total alkaloid production) comparison for each culture system... 

Liu M, Xu J, Souza P, Tanswell B, Tanswell AK, Post M. The effect of mechanical strain on fetal rat lung cell proliferation Comparison of two- and three-dimensional culture systems. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1995 31 858-866. 

Fenelon, M.A., Beresford, T.P., Guinee, T. P. 2002. Comparison of different bacterial culture systems for the production of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese. Int. J. Dairy Technol. 

Johnson NF, Hoover MD, Thomassen DG, et al. 1992. In vitro activity of silicon carbide whiskers in comparison to other industrial fibers using four cell culture systems. Am J Ind Med 21 807-823. 

QSAR analysis of studies at the cellular level allows us to get a handle on the physicochemical parameters critical to pharmacokinetics processes, mostly transport. Cell culture systems offer an ideal way to determine the optimum hydrophobicity of a system that is more complex than an isolated receptor. Extensive QSAR have been developed on the toxicity of 3-X-triazinesto many mammalian and bacterial cell lines (202, 209). A comparison of the cytotoxicities of these analogs vs. sensitive murine leukemia cells (L1210/S) and methotrexate-resistant murine leukemia cells (L1210/R) reveals some startling differences. 

The above commentary and methodology may have given the impression that the only use in cell culture for measurements of LDH activity is in the monitoring of changes in culture viabihty. An alternative application is in the comparison of cell viability between different regions within entrapped cell culture systems, where it may not be possible to determine viable cell numbers directly. 

We can define an apparent yield of product from substrate (Fps) as a measure of the efficiency of product formation that can be used to compare cells grown in different culture systems or in different media. Product P is a cellular product such as monoclonal antibody, while substrate S may be serum, glucose, glutamine, oxygen or any other important substrate. Analysis of the overall yield (from endpoint calculations) may allow for comparison of production efficiency between different reactors and culture conditions. Analysis of the yield at various time points allows for detection of changes in the mechanisms of product formation. Product yields are useful in identifying product degradation in culture (as evidenced by a decrease in Ypg for aU substrates). 

Table 5.1.2 Comparison of culture systems indicating volumetric size, unit and system cell yields...

Table 5.9.1 Comparison of hybridoma culture productivity in different culture systems ...

J. Tree, C. Riehardson, A. Fooks, J. Clegg, D. Looby, 2001. Comparison of large-scale mammalian cell culture systems with egg culture for the production of influenza virus A vaccine strains. Vaccine 19, 3444-3450. 

Spranger, M., Lindholm, D., Bandtlow, C., Heumann, R., Gnahn, H., Naher-Noe, M., and Thoenen, H., Regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis in the central nervous system comparison between the effects of interleukin-1 and various growth factors in astrocyte cultures and in vivo, Eur. J. Neurosci., 2, 69, 1990. 

As the consequence of this, the metabolic waste products are initially distributed evenly in the bulk medium but accumulated with time in batch culture systems. Furthermore, as a part of normal culture operations, the vessels are taken out from the incubator for microscopic observations, which can cause movement of the bulk medium and formation of temperature gradients, consequently contributing to forced and natural convection, respectively. In industrial-scale bioreactors, the applied perfusion creates forced convection, which is the primary mode of mass transfer. The common feature of all the conventional systems, laboratory- or industrial scale, is that due to the long distances and the large medium volume in comparison with the cell volume, the significance of convection is pronounced. Consequently, mass transfer in such systems takes place in all directions (x-, y- and z-direction) with a comparable magnitude, as is schematically shown in Fig. 2a. 

The alkalinity and DIC of the culture system water in 2001 was substantially higher than normal seawater values because the system water was polished prior to the start of the experiment by passing it through columns of manganese fibre, activated charcoal, and crushed coral (Hintz et al. 2004). For comparison, the measured bottom water alkalinity and DIC values at the 220 m site were 2324 + 4 peq/kg and 2196 + 8 pmol/kg, respectively, at the 770 m site alkalinity and DIC values were 2323 peq/kg and 2191 pmol/kg, and at the 1020 m site alkalinity and DIC values were 2319 + 8 peq/kg and 2159 + 1 pmol/kg. The culture system alkalinity and DIC values in the 2002 experiment were lower than in the 2001 experiment (though still higher than seawater) due to the addition of surface seawater to the system. The culture water DIC values increased by 0.6% in 2001 and 0.8% in 2002. The DIC stable isotope data, discussed below, suggest that these small DIC increases reflect the slow partial equilibration of the 1600 L culture system with the fall-winter... 

Palmer RJ, Butenhoee JL and Stevens JB (1987) Cytotoxicity of the rare earth metals cerium, lanthanum, and neodymium in vitro comparison with cadmium in a pulmonary macrophage primary culture system. Environ Res 43 142-156. 

The difficulty of obtaining enough normal cells for comparison is avoided by using viral transformation in cell culture systems. The transformation is very efficient and rapid, provided that viruses such as SV40 or polyoma are used, and any number of cells can be available before and after transforma-... 

Table 4 Comparison of culture systems for hybridoma cells...

Mileti E, Matteoli G, Iliev ID, Rescigno M. Comparison of the immunomodulatory properties of three probiotic strains of Lactobacilli using complex culture systems prediction for in vivo efficacy. PLoS One. 2009 4(9) e7056. 

Sutherland F.W. et al. Advances in the mechanisms of cell delivery to cardiovascular scaffolds comparison of two rotating cell culture systems. ASAIO /., 48, 346, 2002. 

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