Cu-contaminated soils

Stuckey, J. W., A. Neaman, R. Ravella, S. Komameni, and C. Enid Martinez. 2008. Highly charged swelling mica reduces free and extractable Cu levels in Cu-contaminated soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 9197-9202. 

In China and other countries, the application of C-rich organic materials to heavy metal-contaminated soils is a common practice. However, the potential risk of metal mobilization should not be overlooked when metal dissolution facilitated by DOM released from organic wastes exceeds metal immobilization caused by particular organic matter. Figure 10.8 demonstrates that addition of DOM derived from green manure, pig manure, peat, rice litter, and sewage sludge to a Cu-contaminated soil caused an increase in soil water-soluble Cu contents. Compared to the control (no... 

Kostov, O., and Van Cleemput, O. (2001). Microbial activity of Cu contaminated soils and effect of lime and compost on soil resiliency. Compost Sci. Util. 9, 336-351. Krantz-Rulcker, C., Allard, B., and Schnurer, J. (1993). Interactions between a soil fungus,... 

Pociecha M, Lestan D (2009) EDTA leaching of Cu contaminated soil using electrochemical treatment of the washing solution. J Hazard Mat 165 533-539... 

The total content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb was determined in contaminated soils and sediments using the slurry technique and Zeeman GF-AAS, either by calibration with aqueous solutions of the analytes or slurries of some suitable CRMs. Except for Cr, where only the calibration with a solid CRM was successful, good agreement was found between both calibration approaches (Klemm and Baumbach 1995)-... 

In eight contaminated soils with pH 7.05-8.20 from eastern and southern Australia, soluble Zn, Cu and Cd concentrations in soil pore water are 0.19-422, 36-4840, and 7.2-4260 pM, respectively (Nolan et al., 2003). 

Trace elements can be adsorbed on the surface of calcite, influencing their solubility in calcareous soils of arid and semi-arid zones. The carbonate bound fraction is the major solid-phase component for many trace elements (Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni and Cu) in arid and semi-arid soils, especially in newly contaminated soils (Table 5.3). In Israeli arid soils treated with metal nitrates, the carbonate bound fraction is the largest solid-phase component (60-80%, 50-60%, 40-60%, 30-40%, and 25-36% for Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cu respectively). Divalent metallic cations at low aqueous concentrations first associate with calcite via adsorption reactions. Then they may be incorporated into the calcite lattice as a co-precipitate by recrystallization (Franklin and Morse, 1983 Komicker et al., 1985 Davis et al., 1987 Zachara et al., 1988 Reeder and Prosky, 1986 Pingitore and... 

However, some plants can accumulate more than 0.1% of Pb, Co, Cr, and more than 1% of Mn, Ni and Zn in the shoots. These accumulator plants are called hyperaccumulators. To date, there are approximately 400 known metal hyperaccumulator plants in the world (Baker and Walker, 1989). Thlaspi caerulescens, Alyssum murale, A. lesbiacum, A. tenium are Zn and Cd hyperaccumulators. Brassica juncea, a high-biomass plant, can accumulate Pb, Cr(III), Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sr, B and Se. Thlaspi caerulescens accumulates Ni. Hybrid poplar trees are reported to phytoremediate Cd and As contaminated soils. A Chinese brake fem, Pteris vittata, is an As hyperaccumulator (Ma et al., 2001). 

Nolan A.L., McLaughlin M. J., Mason S.D. Chemical speciation of Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb in pore waters of agricultural and contaminated soils using donnan dialysis. Environ Sci... 

Pine moth, Bupalus piniarius-, pupae whole Finland, 1987 industrialized area vs. reference site Earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus Cardiff, Wales 1984 contaminated soils (2740 mg Cu/kg DW soil) vs. reference site (26 mg Cu/kg DW soil) Max. 137 DW vs. 53 DW 10... 

Earthworm, Aporrectodea caiignosa cocoons exposed to aqueous solutions of copper chloride at 0-20 mg Cu/L for 14 days at 20°C and 100% relative humidity, and then to either desiccation or frost for 14 days No adverse effects at 6 and 12 mg Cu/L. At 20 mg Cu/L, none survived at -3°C and 95% survived at 0°C embryos contained up to 200 mg Cu/kg DW — comparable to concentrations found in various earthworm tissues from copper-contaminated soils 18... 

Adamo, P., S. Dudka, M.J. Wilson, and WJ. McHardy. 1996. Chemical and mineralogical forms of Cu and Ni in contaminated soils from the Sudbury mining and smelting region, Canada. Environ. Pollut. 91 11-19. 

Mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis soft parts purged for 48 h in aerated synthetic seawater vs. not purged New Zealand pasture soil contaminated by runoff from an adjacent timber treatment plant 1993 copper-contaminated soils (70-1233 mg Cu/kg DW soil) vs. reference site (25 mg Cu/kg DW soil)... 

The US EPA characterizes As, Be, Sb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se, Ag, Tl, and Zn as priority metals because of their potential hazardousness to human health. However, the environmental fate and effect of only a few metals (As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn) have been studied extensively (Rechcigl 1995). For a given metal the potential to cause harm depends on the identifiable risk pathway, which is different for different metals. One pathway usually provides the highest probability of adverse affects to some receptor and is, therefore, the limiting pathway (Ryan Bryndzia 1997). The most toxic elements to humans are Hg, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Co. Some of the principal limiting pathways for various metals are the direct ingestion of Pb-contaminated soil by children plant phytotoxicity from Cu, Zn, Ni food-chain concentration and transfer of Cd and Hg to humans and food-chain transfer of Se and Mo to livestock (Ryan Bryndzia 1997). 

Phosphate is widely used as a chemical stabilization agent for MSW combustion residues in Japan and North America and is under consideration for use in parts of Europe. The application of this technology to MSW ashes generally parallels its application to contaminated soils. Metal phosphates (notably Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) frequently have wide pH distribution, pH-pE predominance, and redox stability within complex ash pore water systems. Stabilization mechanisms identified in other contaminated systems (e.g., soils), involving a combination of sorption, heterogeneous nucleation, and surface precipitation, or solution-phase precipitation are generally observed in ash systems. 

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