Pine moth

Pine moth, Bupalus piniarius-, pupae whole Finland, 1987 industrialized area vs. reference site Earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus Cardiff, Wales 1984 contaminated soils (2740 mg Cu/kg DW soil) vs. reference site (26 mg Cu/kg DW soil) Max. 137 DW vs. 53 DW 10... 

Some of the pests in question included the "pine looper moth, pine beauty, pine moth. Nun moth, saw flies, bark beetles, pine needle cast fungus, pine bluster rust, honey fungus, red rot (Maser, The Redesigned Forest, p. 78). 

Copper burdens in terrestrial invertebrates are highest in organisms collected near industrial locations and urban areas or from copper-contaminated soils. The highest copper concentration recorded among terrestrial invertebrates is 408.0 mg Cu/kg DW soft parts in gastropods from urban areas. Copper concentrations in pine moths (Bupalus piniarius) and pine noctuids (Panolis flammea) from industrialized areas range from 89.0 to... 

Pine noctuid moth, Panolis flammea, 175 Pine moth, Bupalus piniarius, 175 Zygaenid moth, Zygaema trifolii, 217 Various... 

CjoHzeOg, Mr 394.42, oil, [a]n -27.2° (CHCI3). S. has the C,- iridoid skeleton. It was isolated in 1983 from the alcoholic extract of the American trumpet tree (Ca-talpa speciosa, Bignoniaceae) and shows antifeedant activity towards the pine moth Choristoneura fumife-rana (Lepidoptera Tortricidae). 

Copper is toxic to sensitive species of terrestrial vegetation at >40 pg/L nutrient solution (seedlings of pines, Pirns spp.), at >10 mg/kg DW leaves (cucumber, Cucumis sativus), and >60 mg extractable Cu/kg DW soil (sweet orange, Citrus sinensis Table 3.4). Among sensitive species of terrestrial invertebrates, adverse effects on survival, growth, or reproduction occur at 2 pg Cu/cm2 on paper discs (earthworms), >50 mg Cu/kg diet (larvae of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar), and 53 to 70 mg Cu/kg DW soil (earthworms and soil nematodes Table 3.4). 

Beninger, C.W. and Abou-Zaid, M.M., Flavonol glycosides from four pine species that inhibit early instar gypsy moth (Lepidoptera Lymantriidae) development, Biochem. Syst. Ecol, 25, 505, 1997. 

Arthur, A. P. (1962). Influence of host tree on abundance of Itoplectis conquistor (Say) (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae), a polyphagous parasite of the European pine shoot moth, Ryacionia buoliana (Schiff) (Lepidoptera Olethreutidae). Canadian... 

Joyce, R.J.V. Beaumont, J. "Collection of Spray Droplets and Chemical by Larvae, Foliage and Ground Deposition" In Control of Pine Beauty Moth by Fenithrothion in Scotland 1978. A.V. Holden and D. Beva, Eds., Forestry Commission. 

Permethrin is classified as a restricted use pesticide (RUP) because of high toxicity to fish and aquatic organisms. Permethrin is used to control Nantucket pine tip moths, coneworms, seed bugs, and range caterpillars.4,5... 

Although acetate esters are commonly encountered as lepidopterous sex pheromones, the occurrence of other esters has proven to be a very unusual phenomenon. This fact renders the sex pheromone of the pine emperor moth, Nudaurelia cytherea, highly distinctive, since this compound, (Z)-5-decenyl 3-methylbutyrate (83), represents an ester containing a C5 acid. 

Terpenes were originally named after turpentine, the volatile oil from pine trees used in oil painting, whose major constituent is a-pinene. The term was rather vaguely used for all the volatile oily compounds, insoluble in water and usually with resiny smells from plants. The oils distilled from plants, which often contain perfumery or flavouring materials, are called essential oils and these too contain terpenes. Examples include camphor from the camphor tree, used to preserve clothes from moths, humulene from hops, which helps to give beer its flavour, and phytol, found in many plants. 

Branches with brown tips. Causes Pine tip and pine shoot moths spruce budworms. For an illustration of pine shoot moths, see page 184 for spruce budworms, see page 181. 

Branches with brown tips. Cause Pine shoot moths. L arvae burrow in stem tips, which continue growing but are deformed. 

Pine bark adelgids. 184 Pine-oak gall rusts, 185 Pine-pine gall rusts. 185 Pine sawflies. European. 319 Pine shoot moths. 183. 184 Pine tip moths. 183 Pink. See Dianthus... 

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