Cruciferae family

Oilseed rape species used to produce canola oil and meal are from the Brassica genus in the Cruciferae family. They were first cultivated in India almost 4000 years ago. Large-scale planting of rapeseed was first reported in Europe in the thirteenth century. The Brassica species probably evolved from the same common ancestor as wild mustard (Sinapis), radish (Raphanus), and arrugula Eruca). 

Indole derivatives in vegetables of the Cruciferae family 00MI46. 

The flat coin-shaped appearance of the silique of this representative of the Cruciferae family is a distinct characteristic of 1. Also, the violet color of the flower petals seems to be atypical for a cruciferous crop. This is one of the reasons why 1. is widely utilized as an ornamental in the temperate climate. Like many other cruciferous crops, it is native to the Mediterranean countries. Its potential as a new industrial crop lies in the fatty acid pattern of its seeds ... 

The tropane alkaloids occur mainly in the plant family Solanaceae but are also found in the families Convolvufaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Proteaceae, and Rhizophoraceae. In addition, the presence of tropane alkaloids has occasionally been indicated in the families Euphorbiaceae and Cruciferae (cf. Tables II and III). For a detailed account of the distribution of tropane alkaloids among species, interested readers should consult Refs. (15-23) and references therein. 

The family Cruciferae contains several economically important vegetables, such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and cauliflower. There has always been some ambivalence about the use of these vegetables. While some of them have desirable, pungent flavors, cooking odors tend to deter their consumption. It is stated that cauliflowers are rarely purchased in France and there is a relatively low consumption of sauerkraut in the USA.55... 

This family takes its botanical name, Brassicaceae, from the genus—Brassica—to which so many of its members belong. This diverse group, which includes annuals, biennials, and perennials, would all, ultimately, produce the same, characteristic flower, with the four petals arranged in a cross (another name for this family is Cruciferae). The same four-petal arrangement can be seen in ornamental members of the brassica family, such as wallflowers. 

Mustard oils, such as allylisothiocyanate, are products of the hydrolysis of mustard oil glycosides (78). Mustard oils are produced by all organs of plants belonging to the Cruciferae (mustard family) (75), and are strong inhibitors of seed germination and microbial growth. 

Relatively little work has been done on allelopathic effects on VAM. Tobiessen and Werner (29) found reduced VAM formation in hardwood tree seedlings growing under pines, and spores of VAM fungi are absent from soil beneath living ponderosa pines, although they are abundant under dead trees ( ). Members of the nonmycorrhizal family Cruciferae sometimes inhibit VAM formation in associated plants though this doesn t always happen (31-3A). 

FIGURE 10.14 The structures represent a general presentation of all the anthocyanins identified in each of the families Alliaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Gentianaceae, Geraniaceae, and Labiatae. See Table 10.2 for abbreviations. 

Jerusalem artichoke is classified in the genus Helianthus L., in the family Asteraceae (Aster or Daisy family), in the order Asterales (Table 3.1). Asteraceae is the modem family name, introduced to supersede Compositae under Article 18 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, 1972. Compositae is used in the pre-1972 literature as the family name for Jerusalem artichoke, and it is still acceptable to use it as the family name (in the same way Cruciferae, Gramineae, and Leguminoseae, for instance, are used for the Brassicaceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae, respectively). 

Canola Oil occurs as a light yellow oil. It is typically obtained by a combination of mechanical expression followed by n-hexane extraction, from the seed of the plants Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, or Brassica rapa of the family Cruciferae. The plant varieties are those producing oil-bearing seeds with a low erucic acid (C22 i) content. It is a mixture of triglycerides composed of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. It is refined, bleached, and deodorized to substantially remove free fatty acids phospholipids color odor and flavor components and miscellaneous, other non-oil materials. It can be hydrogenated to reduce the level of unsaturated fatty acids for functional purposes in foods. It is a liquid at 0° and above. 

Brassica napus, and Brassica rapa of the family Cruciferae. It is made by hydrogenating high erucic acid rapeseed oil in the presence of a nickel catalyst at temperatures not exceeding 245°. 

The flowers of members of the Brassicaceae have four petals arranged in a cross-like pattern (the old name for this family was Cruciferae, referring to the cross of crucifixion). The flowers of mustards contain both female and male parts (i.e., they are monoecious). There are six stamens, of which four have long filaments, and two have short filaments. The seeds of plants in this family are contained in a relatively long inflated structure called a silique, or in a rounder flattened structure known as a silicle. When mature, the outer walls of the fruits fall away, leaving an inner partition to which the seeds are loosely attached. 

---