Cruciferae

Rodman, J. E. 1974. Systematics and evolution of the genus Cakile (Cruciferae). Contiib. Gray Herb. 205 3-146. 

Differentiation and migration of Cakile (Cruciferae) seed glucosinolate evidence. 

The tropane alkaloids occur mainly in the plant family Solanaceae but are also found in the families Convolvufaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Proteaceae, and Rhizophoraceae. In addition, the presence of tropane alkaloids has occasionally been indicated in the families Euphorbiaceae and Cruciferae (cf. Tables II and III). For a detailed account of the distribution of tropane alkaloids among species, interested readers should consult Refs. (15-23) and references therein. 

Radish oil is supposed to be one of the most common oil crop products in Roman Egypt [61], as mentioned also by Pliny in Naturalis Historia (XV 7 XIX 26), though the source of this oil may not only be Raphanus sativus but other Cruciferae species as well. 

Vaughan, J.G. and Whitehouse, J.M. (1971). Seed structure and the taxonomy of the Cruciferae. Botanical Journal ofLinnean Society 64 383-409. 

The family Cruciferae contains several economically important vegetables, such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and cauliflower. There has always been some ambivalence about the use of these vegetables. While some of them have desirable, pungent flavors, cooking odors tend to deter their consumption. It is stated that cauliflowers are rarely purchased in France and there is a relatively low consumption of sauerkraut in the USA.55... 

GRIFFITHS, D.W., DEIGHTON, N., BIRCH. A.N.E., PATRIAN, B., BAUR, R., STADTLER, E. Identification of glucosinolates on the leaf surface of plants from the Cruciferae and other closely related species, Phytochemistry, 2001, 57,693-700. 

New sources of hygrine are the roots of Nicandra physaloides (L.) Gaertn. (Solanaceae) (9, JO), Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. (Orchidaceae) (11), and Cochlearia arctica Slecht (Cruciferae) (12). Hygroline was also isolated from this latter source as well as from Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. (Rhi-zophoraceae), a plant from eastern Asia, New Guinea, and Queensland (13), and... 

Alkanna orientalis (L.) Boiss. var. orientalis (L.) Boiss. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Alyssum saxatile L. -6.0 -7.8 -6.6... 

This family takes its botanical name, Brassicaceae, from the genus—Brassica—to which so many of its members belong. This diverse group, which includes annuals, biennials, and perennials, would all, ultimately, produce the same, characteristic flower, with the four petals arranged in a cross (another name for this family is Cruciferae). The same four-petal arrangement can be seen in ornamental members of the brassica family, such as wallflowers. 

In 2005, Haristoy and coworkers investigated the activities of 12 isothiocyanates (ITC) and L-sulforaphane isolated from Cruciferous plant species in 25 strains of HP. Medicinal plants from the Cruciferae are well known to have chemopreventative effects on the GI tract, and are... 

Fig. 5. Isothiocyanates and other compounds isolated from plant species in the Cruciferae with activities against HR...

Six male specific compounds were isolated from the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, and the same compounds plus two additional compounds were isolated from males of Aphthona flava, A. czwalinae, and A. cyparissiae. Three of the compounds were identified as (-F)-i r-himachalene, (-F)- ra w-a-himachalene (-F)-y-cadinene. Two other compounds were identified as new enantiomers of himachalene hydrocarbons that were previously identified from the fir trees, Abies alba and Abies nordmanniana. Finally, there were two himachalene alcohols and one nonsesquiterpene ketone that is a himachalene analog that were identified. The chemical and electrophysiological patterns are consistent with, but do not prove, a pheromonal function. 

Both 15 and 16 are involved in plant defense, they may have a role in the flavor spectrum, and their concentration can influence the nutritional safety and quality of food crops. For example, Soledade and colleagues demonstrated the crucial role of indole-3-aldoxime in the biogenesis of cruciferous defense against fungi-induced plant diseases. This is achieved by inserting the indolyl moiety via indole-3-aldoxime, which is a precursor of several secondary chemical defense metabolites of cruciferae. 

Mustard oils, such as allylisothiocyanate, are products of the hydrolysis of mustard oil glycosides (78). Mustard oils are produced by all organs of plants belonging to the Cruciferae (mustard family) (75), and are strong inhibitors of seed germination and microbial growth. 

Relatively little work has been done on allelopathic effects on VAM. Tobiessen and Werner (29) found reduced VAM formation in hardwood tree seedlings growing under pines, and spores of VAM fungi are absent from soil beneath living ponderosa pines, although they are abundant under dead trees ( ). Members of the nonmycorrhizal family Cruciferae sometimes inhibit VAM formation in associated plants though this doesn t always happen (31-3A). 

The mucilage is sometimes a food reserve (Linum, Cruciferae) and in plants living in dry climates it may act as a water reservoir. The formation of resins and oils is said to be the function of a mucilaginous membrane. 

Chart 12.2 Phytoalexins (reEtoHarbome 1999b, unless otherwise stated) (5max=39, av=14 5 ///max=0.77, av=0.4). Alkal. benzoxazins D/a f/j s phytoalexin (Dianthtds caryophyllus, Caryophyllaceae phytoalexin) and open form, avenalumin I (Gramineae, Ang.), see also Frey 1997 sulflirated indole brassicanol A, camalexin, brassilexin (Cruciferae, Ang.). 

Among the new anthocyanins, which have been reported after 1992, 47, 22, and 36 contain sophorose, rutinose, and sambubiose, respectively (Figure 10.5). Most of the anthocyanins containing sophorose were first isolated from species belonging to Convolvulaceae (22) and Cruciferae (13) (Table 10.2). This disaccharide has also been identified in new anthocyanins isolated from AJuga (Labiatae), " "" Consolida (Ranunculaceae)," Begonia (Begonia-ceae)," and in the flavonol unit of two covalent anthocyanin-flavonol complexes from Allium (Alliaceae)."... 

In anthocyanins, sinapyl is mainly connected to the 6-hydroxyl of glucose or 2-hydroxyl of xylose. This latter linkage was found in nine anthocyanins from stock, mustard, and mustard weed in Cruciferae. In some anthocyanins isolated from cabbage, sinapyl has also been found in the glucose 2-position (219, 220, 227, 229), while the 3-[4-(sinapyl)-... 

FIGURE 10.14 The structures represent a general presentation of all the anthocyanins identified in each of the families Alliaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Gentianaceae, Geraniaceae, and Labiatae. See Table 10.2 for abbreviations. 

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