Crank

Cranking Simulator), by a pumpability temperature limit measured by a rotating mini viscometer, and by the minimum kinematic viscosity at 100°C. The five summer grades are defined by bracketing kinematic viscosities at 100°C. 

And let s not forget Meth (speed, crank, crystal). Then again...why don t we just forget about them. Momma said if you can t say anything nice...etc., etc. 

System rehabihty is improved by providing alternative means for performing the same task. For example, automobiles were equipped with hand cranks even though they had electric starters. This back-up equipment was provided because at that time starters were unrehable. In contemporary system design, factors such as added cost, weight, and space may prohibit the use of redundant systems. 

The Cannon Instmment Company produces a line of rotational viscometers, most of which are quite specialized, eg. Cold Cranking Simulators (ASTM D5293) and Mini-Rotary viscometers (ASTM D3829 and D4684) for automotive engine oils. They also have a general use instmment similar to Brookfield s basic viscometer. 

J. Crank and G. S. Park, eds.. Diffusion in Polymers, Academic Press, London, 1968. 

Fully automatic processing was introduced in 1972 with the SX-70 camera, which ejected each integral picture unit automatically, passing it between motorized processing rollers and out of the camera immediately after exposure (12,13). Kodak instant cameras, introduced in 1976 and now discontinued, included both motorized and hand-cranked models. Fuji instant cameras for integral films are motorized. 

Kodak instant cameras included battery-operated motorized and lower cost hand-cranked models. The pictures began to develop as they were ejected from the camera, and development proceeded over several minutes under ambient conditions. The films were balanced for daylight exposure. 

Errors are proportional to At for small At. When the trapezoid rule is used with the finite difference method for solving partial differential equations, it is called the Crank-Nicolson method. The implicit methods are stable for any step size but do require the solution of a set of nonlinear equations, which must be solved iteratively. The set of equations can be solved using the successive substitution method or Newton-Raphson method. See Ref. 36 for an application to dynamic distillation problems. 

Simplex Double-Acting Pumps These pumps may be direc t-acting (i.e., direct-connected to a steam cyhnder) or power-driven (through a crank and flywheel from the crosshead of a steam engine). 

Dupl ex Double-Acting Pumps These pumps differ primarily from those of the simplex type in having two cyhnders whose operation is coordinated. They may be direct-acting, steam-driven, or power-driven with crank and flywheel. 

Compressors up to around 75 kW (100 hp) usually have a single center-throw crank, as illustrated in Fig. 10-83. In larger sizes compressors are commonly of duplex construction with cranks on each end of the shaft (see Fig. 10-87). Some large synchronous motor-driven units are of four-corner construction i.e., they are of doubleduplex construction with two connecting rods from each of the two crank throws (see Fig. 10-88). Steam-driven compressors have one or more steam cylinders connected directly by piston rod or tie rods to the gas-cyhnder piston or crosshead. 

The suction gas which enters from the periphery is trapped by the scrolls. The closed volumes move radially inward until the discharge port is reached, when vapor is pressed out. The orbiting scroll is driven by a short-throw crank mechanism. Similar to screw compressors, internal leakage should be kept low, and is occurring in gaps between cylindrical surfaces and between the tips of the involute and the opposing scroll base plate. 

Equations (12-31), (12-32), and (12-33) hold only for a slab-sheet solid whose thickness is small relative to the other two dimensions. For other shapes, reference should be made to Crank The Mathematics of Diffusion, Oxford, London, 1956). 

External Mass Transfer and Intraparticle Diffusion Control With a linear isotherm, the solution for combined external mass transfer and pore diffusion control with an infinite fluid volume is (Crank, Mathematics of Diffusion, 2d ed., Clarendon Press, 1975) ... 

Automatic filters are made with either viscous-coated or dry filter media. However, the cleaning or disposal of the loaded medium is essentially continuous and automatic. In most such devices the air passes horizontally through a movable filter curtain. As the filter loads with dust, the curtain is continuously or intermittently advanced to expose clean media to the air flow and to clean or dispose of the loaded medium. Movement of the curtain can be provided by a hand crank or a motor drive. Movement of a motor-driven curtain can be actuated automatically by a differential-pressure switch connected across the filter. 

Sen/ice, test and isolated position indicator Cranking screw Padlocking arrangement Tray... 

The cranking screw and the guide rails on which the trolley slides must also be coated with ordinary grease to provide a smoother operation and to prevent corrosion. 

J. Crank. The Mathematics of Diffusion, 2nd edn. Oxford University Pi ess (1975) QC185. 

Fig. 16.8. Part of tlie Stretham steam pumping engine. In the foreground are the crank and the lower end of the connecting rod. Also visible are the flywheel (with separate spokes and rim segments, all pegged together), the eccentric drive to the valve-gear and, in the background, an early treadle-driven lathe for on-the-spot repairs.

The stress in the crank shaft is calculated approximately from the power and speed as follows. Bear in mind that approximate calculations of this sort may be in error by up to a factor of 2 - but this makes no difference to the conclusions reached below. Referring to Fig. 16.9 ... 

Many authors contributed to the field of diffusion and chemical reaction. Crank (1975) dealt with the mathematics of diffusion, as did Frank-Kamenetskii (1961), and Aris (1975). The book of Sherwood and Satterfield (1963) and later Satterfield (1970) discussed the theme in detail. Most of the published papers deal with a single reaction case, but this has limited practical significance. In the 1960s, when the subject was in vogue, hundreds of papers were presented on this subject. A fraction of the presented papers dealt with the selectivity problem as influenced by diffitsion. This field was reviewed by Carberry (1976). Mears (1971) developed criteria for important practical cases. Most books on reaction engineering give a good summary of the literature and the important aspects of the interaction of diffusion and reaction. 

The implicit Crank-Nicholson integration method was used to solve the equation. Radial temperature and concentrations were calculated using the Thomas algorithm (Lapidus 1962, Carnahan et al,1969). This program allowed the use of either ideal or non-ideal gas laws. For cases using real gas assumptions, heat capacity and heat of reactions were made temperature dependent. 

Crank, J., 1975, Ihe Mathematics of Diffusion, Clarendon Press, Oxford. 

A packing is required on double-acting cylinders to provide a barrier to leakage past the rod where it passes through the crank end cylinder closure. The same arrangement is needed at the head end if a tail rod or tan-... 

General Normalized Functtons Describing Die Oynandc Charactmisties of the Crank and Connecting Rod Mechanisms... 

After the forces are evaluated for each cylinder of a multistage compressor, all forces must be summed in the x and y direction. For the max imum shaking forces, the value of the crank angle, which contributes the maximum force, should be used. This involves taking the respective sine and cosine functions to their maximum. For example, a vertical cylinder will have the maximum component force at a crank angle of 0 and 180 . At this time, the horizontal components, primary and secondary, are zero. 

CRANK, J., and PARK, J, s., Dijfusion in Polymers, Academic Press, London and New York (1968) GARDON, J. L., Article enlilled Cohesive Energy Density in Encyclopaedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. 3, p. 833, Interscience, New York (1969)... 

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