Cottonseed oil utilization

Savage, E. S. (1951). A comparative study of the utilization of jojoba and cottonseed oil in the rat. PhD thesis, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. 

TABLE 1. Some Important Dates in the Evolution of Cottonseed Oil Processing and Utilization. 

Cottonseed oil shortages forced soybean oil utilization Cottonseed oil shortages and lower cost soybean oil utilization Hydrogenation and emulsifiers allow utilization of the more economical oil Transportation and grocery store handling improvements allowed product changes Flavor problems with more economical soybean salad oil decreased Improved oil recovery and quality... 

M. L. Meara and E. H. Steiner, Studies on the Fatty Acid Composition and the Crystallizing Behavior of Some of the Major Components, to Obtain Fundamental Information That Will Contribute to the Development ofimroved Edible Products and Hence to Expanded Utilization of Cottonseed Oil, British Food Manufacturing Industries Research Association, Leatherhead, Surrey, U.K., 1966. 

The ability of an oil to remain liquid during refrigerator storage is determined by the cold test analysis crystallization resistance is measured as the time in hours before the oil appears cloudy at 32°F (CPC). Standardized AOCS Method Cc 11-53 requires that dry filtered oil be placed in a sealed 4-ounce bottle and submerged in an ice bath. A go-no-go examination for clarity after 5 hours is stipulated by the Official AOCS Method however, most laboratories practice the alternative procedure which continues the clarity examination until a cloud appears. The cold test procedure was developed to evaluate cottonseed oil for the production of mayonnaise and salad dressings. Oil that solidifies at refrigerator temperatures will cause an emulsion-break with a resultant separation of the oil and water phases. Currently, the cold test is also utilized to ensure that bottled oils for retail sale will not develop an unattractive appearance on the grocery shelf. 

O Brien, R.D. and Wan, P.J. (2001) Cottonseed oil processing and utilization, in Proceedings World Conference and Exhibition on Oilseed Processing and Utilization (ed R. Wilson), AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, p. 16. 

O Brien, R.D. P.J. Wan. Cottonseed oil Processing and utilization. Proceedings of the World Conference on Oilseed Processing and Utilization R.F. Wilson, Ed. AOCS Press Champaign, IL, 2001 pp. 113-114. 

The magnitude of the variation in the composition of rapeseed oil and meal now commercially available has created a need for new terms to describe the products derived from rapeseed. The fatty acid composition of most edible vegetable oils such as soybean, sunflower, or cottonseed oils, varies within narrow limits. Thus, the species or commodity name (e.g., soybean oil) provides a reasonable description of the fatty add composition of soybean oil. In contrast, the erucic acid content of commercially available rapeseed oil may vary from near zero to 55%, and the oleic acid from 10 to more than 60%. A number of terms have been proposed or utilized to describe the new rapeseed oil whose fatty acid composition has been altered by the elimination of erucic acid these include low erucic acid rape-seed oil (LEAR), canbra, and canola. Similar terms such as high erucic acid rapeseed oil (HEAR) and common or traditional rapeseed oil have been used to describe rapeseed oil whose fatty acid composition includes substantial amounts of erucic acid. 

R. D. O Brien and P. J. Wan, Cottonseed Oil Processing and Utilization, in Proc. World Conf on Oilseed Processing and Utilization, AOCS Press, Champaign, 111., 2001, pp. 90-140. 

Soap products in the United States are produced almost exclusively from tallow fat and coconut oil or their fatty acid derivatives. The utilization of palm oils, palm kernel oil, and their derivatives for soap manufacture is more commonly practiced in many other parts of the world, especially in Asia. Among other triglycerides cottonseed oil, ricebran oil, castor oil, neem oil, sunflowerseed oil, fish oil, and olive oil also have been used as indigenous feedstocks in many developing nations. The... 

Dichloromethane or methylene chloride is an excellent solvent for oil extraction because of its low boiling point (39.8 °C), which makes desolventization of oil and meal easy. Furthermore, it is non-flammable and has low specific heat, latent heat of vaporization and low solubility of water. Utilization of dichloromethane for oil extraction was first demonstrated in the 1940s but the process was not economically feasible at the time because of the relatively high cost of dichloromethane. In 1986, the feasibility of cottonseed oil extraction by using dichloromethane was demonstrated at a pilot scale study (Johnson et ai, 1986). Residual oil content in the meal was lower than typically achieved with hexane extraction. Cottonseed meal produced during the process was suitable for use in poultry feed formulations, because gossypols present in cottonseed were extracted with oil and removed from meal. No residual aflatoxin was detected in alkali-refined oil. 

Industrial lecithins from a variety of sources ate utilized (Tables 2 and 3). The main sources include vegetable oils (eg, soy bean, cottonseed, corn, sunflower, tapeseed) and animal tissues (egg and bovine brain). However, egg lecithin and in particular soy lecithin (Table 4) ate by fat the most important in terms of quantities produced. So much so that the term soy lecithin and commercial lecithin ate often used synonymously. 

Wiseman (1986) reported a reduction in digestibility and in available energy of up to 30% due to oxidation of fat as a result of overheating during processing. A number of naturally occurring fatty acids can also adversely affect overall fat utilization. Two such components are erucic acid present in rapeseed oils and some other Brassica spp., and the cyclopropenoid fatty acids present in cottonseed. 

Nature has provided plants with systems to synthesize, utilize, and store food lipids. Improper handling and storage of oilseed prior to extraction can have deteriorous effects on the oil quality. Therefore, control of cottonseed transportation, storage. 

---