Corn starch liquor

Corn starch [9005-25-6] Corn steep liquor Corn stover Corn sugar Corn sweetener Corn sweeteners Corn syrup... 

Corn starch, g/l CaCOs, g/l (NH4)jS04, g/l NH4CI, g/l FeS04 7H20, mg/l IVInS04 4H20, mg/l ZnS04-7H2 0, mg/l CoCIj OHjO, mg/l Corn steep liquor, g/l Cottonseed meal, g/l Lard oil, % v/v... 

The yield was highest with starch or dextrin, intermediate and about the same with sucrose, glucose, maltose and lactose and poorest with glycerol. Kanamycin was produced by media containing soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, corn steep liquor, peptone, yeast extract or meat extract, with or without sodium nitrate. Commercially available soybean meal was recognized to be one of the best nitrogen sources. The addition of corn steep liquor, peptone, yeast extract or nitrate to the soybean meal promoted the production of kanamycin. 

The Fermentation Process The process by which this antifungal substance is produced is an aerobic fermentation of an aquaous nutrient medium inoculated with a pimaricin-producing strain of Streptomycesgihrosporeus. The nutrient medium contains an assimilable source of carbon such as starch, molasses, or glycerol, an assimilable source of nitrogen such as corn steep liquor and Inorganic cations such as potassium, sodium or calcium, and anions such as sulfate, phosphate or chloride. Trace elements such as boron, molybdenum or copper are supplied as needed in the form of impurities by the other constituents of the medium. 

One of the commercial methods for production of lysine consists of a two-stage process using two species of bacteria. The carbon sources for production of amino acids are corn, potato starch, molasses, and whey. If starch is used, it must be hydrolysed to glucose to achieve higher yield. Escherichia coli is grown in a medium consisting of glycerol, corn-steep liquor and di-ammonium phosphate under aerobic conditions, with temperature and pH controlled. 

The problem of crystallizing dextrose from starch conversion liquor in a form which would allow separation from the viscous mother liquor was attacked in the latter part of the nineteenth century by various workers. The most successful efforts were made by Behr in 1881.3 Corn starch was hydrolyzed at low concentration, the refined product was concentrated, seeded with a very small proportion of pure anhydrous dextrose crystals, and it was then allowed to stand without agitation in heated rooms. Care was taken to exclude any traces of dextrose hydrate crystals. After several days the crystalline magma was separated and washed in centrifugal filters. By this means individual crystals of anhydrous dextrose of suitable size were obtained and the product... 

Soluble starch Cottonseed meal Corn steep liquor Gluten meal... 

A culture medium (160 ml) containing glycerin (1%), corn starch (1%), glucose (0.5%), cottonseed meal (1%), dried yeast (0.5%), corn steep liquor (0.5%) and calcium carbonate (0.2%) (adjusted to pH 6.5) was poured into each often 500 ml-Erlenmeyer flasks and sterilized at 120°C for 30 min. A loopful of slant culture of Streptomyces tsukubaensis No. 9993 was inoculated to each of the medium and cultured at 30°C for 4 days on a rotary shaker. 

Corn starch molasses is the concentrated mother liquor remaining from dextrose crystallization. It is used with cane molasses in cattle feeding regimes. 

Raw materials for the fermentation of ethanol are sugar molasses (Brazil), com steep liquor and corn starch hydrolysate (USA). Industrial ethanol fermentation is highly developed and the stoichiometric yield can be as high as 1.9 mol mol-1 [25, 26]. The... 

In order to effect complete dissolution of starch at temperatures below 100°, Bauer and Pacsu recommended the use either of dilute alkali or of dilute acid solutions. Accoixling to their so-called alkali process, defatted corn starch is dissolved in 0.5 to 1.0 N alkali at room temperature. Sufficient mineral acid is added to the resulting solution to bring its pH within the limits of 10-4. After saturation with (for example) Pentasol (a mixture of primary amyl alcohols), the system is heated for several minutes at a temperature between 60° and 100° on cooling, an amylose precipitate is obtained which can readily be separated in an ordinary, industrial centrifuge. Addition of excess methanol to the supernatant liquor causes precipitation of the amylopectin. Different kinds of starches can be fractionated by this method. Starch concentrations of up to 5% are claimed to give about a 24% yield of amylose (showing an iodine value of 16.0%) and a 76% yield of amylopectin (with a 0.9% iodine absorption). 

However, for economy of production, maximum yields of alkaloids, and ease of recovery of the products, certain culture media containing relatively simple nutrient sources are preferred. For example, the media which are useful in the production of the alkaloids include an assimilable source of carbon such as glucose, sucrose, starch, molasses, dex-trins, corn steep solids, corn syrup liquor, sorbitol, mannitol, lactose, and the like. A preferred source of carbon is mannitol. Additionally, the media employed contain a source of assimilable nitrogen such as oatmeal meat extracts, peptones, amino acids and their mixtures, proteins and their hydrolysates, com steep liquor, soybean meal, peanut meal and ammonium salts of organic acids such as the citrate, acetate, malate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate and like salts. 

Natural media are often based on corn steep liquor, malt extract or potato extract. Corn steep liquor is a by-product from the preparation of starch from maize and is particularly useful as a source of nitrogen. In the initial studies on the development of the penicillin fermentation the addition of corn steep liquor to the medium produced a significant increase in the antibiotic titre. 

All industrial biotechnological production processes use complex cultivation media which consist of agricultural by-products (beet or cane molasses, corn-steep liquor, cottonseed meal, whey permeate, peanut floiu-, soybean meal, distillation residues, etc.). In addition polysaccharides (starch, dextrose, malt extract, maltodextrins, etc.) and proteins (e.g. caseinate, yeast autolysates, etc.) are used as energy sources for the microorganisms and cells. These systems... 

The most commercially feasible hydrolysis method is the initial hydrolysis at 140°C for 30 minutes. This method hydrolyzes most of the starch and 72% of the hemicellulose. This leaves the cellulose and a portion of the hemicellulose to act as a carrier for the corn steep liquor and stillage to make corn gluten feed. The additional acid hydrolysis step creates a large amount of degradation products, which would be inhibitory to the ethanol fermentation, without giving a greater monosaccharide concentration. The enzyme hydrolysis step is not feasible without enzymes that contain activities specifically for the corn fiber hemicellulose matrix. These types of enzymes are not commercially available, or would be prohibitively expensive, therefore, enzyme hydrolysis of corn fiber is not currently commercially feasible. 

The main substrates used in industrial microbiology today are glucose, sucrose, starch, glycerol, or acetate. Additionally, waste substrates as sugarcane and sugar beet molasses, corn steep liquor, deproteinized whey, or waste streams from food and paper industries are used very often as medium components. In some cases, complex vitamin and amino acid rich medium components like yeast extract, malt extract, or peptones have to be added to the media for optimal microbial growth and product formation. For the production of more complex compounds like antibiotics, chemical precursors have to be added sometimes. 

Most A. are produced industrially from microbial cultures (see Industrial microbiology) highly productive strains of microorganisms are used for this purpose, and such strains are maintained in culture collections. Chemical synthesis of A. is also used to a small extent. As far as possible, nutrient media for industrial microbial A. production are prepared from readily available, cheap raw materials, e. g. various sugars, starch, soybean millings, corn steep liquor. The yield of penicillin G can be increased by adding phe-nylacetic acid to the medium as a precursor. As is ty-... 

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