Cane molasses

Scenedesmus acutus 225-m shallow tanks sunlight, CO2, sugar cane, molasses (mixotrophic) urea 7.0-8.0 20-25 36... 

Fermentation Feedstock. Sucrose, in the form of beet or cane molasses, is a fermentation feedstock for production of a variety of organic compounds, including lactic, glutamic, and citric acids, glycerol, and some antibiotics. Lesser amounts of itaconic, aconitic, and kojic acids, as well as acetone and butanol, are also produced (41,51—53). Rum is made by fermentation of cane molasses. Beet and cane molasses are used for production of baker s and brewer s yeast (qv). 

Composition. Molasses composition depends on several factors, eg, locality, variety, sod, climate, and processing. Cane molasses is generally at pH 5.5—6.5 and contains 30—40 wt % sucrose and 15—20 wt % reducing sugars. Beet molasses is ca 7.5—8.6 pH, and contains ca 50—60 wt % sucrose, a trace of reducing sugars, and 0.5—2.0 wt % raffinose. Cane molasses contains less ash, less nitrogenous material, but considerably more vitamins than beet molasses. Composition of selected molasses products is Hsted in Table 7. Procedures for molasses analysis are avadable (59). 

Fermentation of fmit juices other than grapes, principally apple juice, is the same as that in the production of grape wine. For the production of mm, cane molasses is diluted to a sugar concentration of 15—29% the sucrose, glucose, and fmctose is completely fermented within 36 h at 30—32°C. 

Candida utilis is grown on sulfite waste Hquor in Western Europe and North America, on sugar cane molasses in Cuba and Taiwan and on ceUulose acid hydrolysates in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. C. ///i/if utilizes hexoses, pentoses, and many organic acids. Sulfite Hquor from hardwoods contains 2—3% fermentable sugars of which 20% are hexoses and 80% pentoses in softwood Hquors the proportions are reversed. The SO2 must be stripped out to allow yeast growth, which is carried out in large, highly-aerated fermentors. Eor continuous fermentations, carried out at pH 4 and 30°C, the dilution rate is 0.27—0.30 (34). 

The subject of fermentation alcohol has always been of considerable interest to several tropical countries, but until the oil crisis of 1973, other than Brazil (197), only India appeared to appreciate the importance of fermentation alcohol as a strategic material in its economy. Ethanol prices in India have been maintained at an extremely low level by processing cane molasses, which has been a waste product of negligible value (197). 

Zuckerrohr-faser, /. sugarcane fiber, oagasse fiber, -melasse, /, cane molasses, -rfick-stdnde, rn.pl. bagasse, -saft, m. cane juice. 

One of the more recent innovative approaches was to look for new micro-organisms and novel carbohydrate substrates. The early fermentations used sugar beet or cane molasses, various syrups, sweet potato starch or glucose itself and the micro-organism was always an Aspergillus spp. In the early 1930 s it was found that yeasts would produce dtric add from acetate. Since then a variety of yeasts, prindpally Candida spp., has been shown to convert glucose, w-alkanes or ethanol to dtric add with great effidency. 

Citric acid fermentation of cane-molasses is by submerged fermentation in a 21 biostat (B. Braun) stirred fermenter. A strain of Aspergillus niger is the most widely used for commercial production. A. niger is also highly recommended in the present study, which can obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Molasses... 

Citric acid fermentation of cane-molasses by submerged fermentation in 21 B. Braun stirred fermenter (working volume 21) is performed. A strain of A. niger ATCC 11414 is... 

Diheterolevulosan was first prepared by Pictet and Chavan67 by treating D-fructose with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Schlubach and Behre68 prepared the same compound by the action of liquid hydrogen chloride on dry fructose in a sealed tube. Sattler and Zerban6 have found this difructose anhydride in the unfermentable residue obtained from cane molasses. 

Sattler, Louis, Glutose and the Unfer-mentable Reducing Substances in Cane Molasses, III, 113-128... 

Equine anthelmintic, for the prevention of strongylus vulgaris larval infestation in horses Strongid C Pyrantel tartrate Dehydrated Alfalfa meal, wheat middlings, cane molasses, mineral oil... 

Sands, Lila. See Anderson, Ernest. Sattler, Louis, Glutose and the Un-fermentable Reducing Substances in Cane Molasses, 3, 113-128 Schoch, Thomas John, The Fractionation of Starch, 1, 247-277... 

The precipitation from molasses of D-mannose as its phenylhydrazone was reported over 50 years ago.91 Recent investigation of the phenylhydrazone from Cuban molasses did not reveal any D-mannose phenylhydrazone92 the presence of this sugar in cane molasses cannot be considered as demonstrated. 

The presence of D-psicose (D-n o-hexulose, D-allulose) in distillery slop (from the fermentation of cane molasses) is claimed,96 but sharp experimental support is lacking. 

The desugaring of cane juice concentrates the heat- and alkali-stable vitamins in the final molasses. Even after this accumulation, only myo-inositol may have reached the level of minimum dietary requirements.109 Niacin, pantothenic acid and riboflavin are also present in significant quantities109 the thiamine, pyridoxin, pantothenic acid, biotin and folic acid contents of molasses have been estimated by bioassay.110 111 The biotin content of Hawaiian and Cuban molasses was 2.1 and 1.7 gammas per gram, respectively.119 The antistiffness factor (closely related to stigmasterol) has been found in cane molasses.88 89 The distillery slop from the yeast fermentation of molasses is marketed as a vitamin concentrate this product also contains vitamins originating in the yeast. 

Aconitic acid was the first organic acid properly established as a component of cane molasses.63 Louisiana molasses is a rich source and contains more than 6% of this acid in some cases.114 With a potential annual harvest of over 5,000,000 pounds of aconitic acid from Louisiana alone, it is nevertheless only recently that the commercial production of this acid from molasses has been initiated in Louisiana.116 Its isolation depends upon the insolubility and ready crystallizability of dicalcium magnesium (rans-aconitate hexahydrate.114118-118 Final, or an intermediate or B , molasses is diluted to 55% solids (55° Brix) with the appropriate wash water from the process (see below) and the pH is adjusted to 7 with lime. The solution is heated to 200°F. and calcium chloride is added. Heating is continued for forty-five minutes whereupon the precipitate is collected. It is resuspended at 195°F. in a volume of water sufficient to adjust the next lot of molasses to 55° Brix. The precipitate is again centrifuged it contains about 56% aconitic acid.116 Aconitic acid, either as such or after conversion to itaconic acid, is of present-day commercial interest.118"... 

Application of modern ion-exchange and silica-gel chromatographic techniques to cane distillery slop (cane molasses yeast fermentation... 

The ether extract of cane molasses yields an acidic substance with the characteristic odor of raw sugar.128 The steam distillation of molasses is stated to yield a rum oil. 129 Fractionation of cane final molasses on fuller s earth clay produces a concentrate with a strong molasses odor.70 The infrared spectra of the volatile portion of this concentrate indicated the absence of hydroxyl and carbonyl and the presence of a substituted benzene structure, of paraffinic methylene and methyl groups, of an acetate group, and of the > C=C < and —C=C— linkages. The presence of a sulfur function is probable. Further chromatography indicated complexity in this volatile concentrate.180... 

The mineral constituents of the raw cane juice persist in the final molasses. The principal difference in relative amounts of these substances in molasses arises from the use of lime in defecation which causes an increase in calcium. Egyptian cane molasses solids contained 0.66% of titanium.181 The cations are believed to complex with the sugars and to thus inhibit the crystallization of sucrose, which latter is known to form compounds with inorganic salts, such as its well known compound with sodium chloride. Decationization of cane juice with ion exchange resins greatly reduces molasses formation but sucrose inversion is a concomitant problem.182... 

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