Biotechnologies production process

Reisman HB. Problems in scale-up of biotechnology production processes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 1993 13(3) 195-253. 

For most new biotechnological products, processes and analytical methods have to be newly established. This represents a major and costly part of product development. In newly founded biotechnology firms pertinent technical experience and practical knowledge about the application of regulatory requirements is usually missing and must be developed. Early information and consideration of these aspects may considerably shorten this learning process. 

Fifth, the biotechnological production process of MIDGE vectors is easy and cheap, starting from a corresponding plasmid. Simple techniques as restriction and hgation and a purification method are used to produce MIDGE vectors. 

The product family summarized as biopharmaceuticals comprises a heterogeneous group of drag products which, in contrast to non-biopharmaceuticals, do not originate from conventional chemical synthesis, but either from intact biosystems or from any biotechnological production process. (For a comprehensive overview of this subject, see the Introduction.)... 

Reisman, H. B. (1993) Problems in scaleup of biotechnology production processes. Crit. Rev Biotechnol. 13, 195—253. 

In chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological production processes the multitude of biologically active molecules is expanded by additional novel stixictiues created with newly arxanged gene clusters and (bio-) catalytic chemical processes. 

For further reviews comprehensively illustrating issues of biotechnological production processes, the reader is referred to further review articles [1-8]. To look up basic subjects of molecular and cellular biology, the reader is referred to textbooks [9,10]. 

TABLE 1.1-2. Typical Sequence of Biotechnological Production Process Steps... 

All industrial biotechnological production processes use complex cultivation media which consist of agricultural by-products (beet or cane molasses, corn-steep liquor, cottonseed meal, whey permeate, peanut floiu-, soybean meal, distillation residues, etc.). In addition polysaccharides (starch, dextrose, malt extract, maltodextrins, etc.) and proteins (e.g. caseinate, yeast autolysates, etc.) are used as energy sources for the microorganisms and cells. These systems... 

FIGURE 3 Overview of hyaluronic acid biotechnological production process from Streptococcus zooepidemicus fermentation to recently proposed downstream procedure as described by Rangaswamy and Jain (2008). 

Ch. Golker, Drying of Biotechnological Product, Process Engineering of Treatment of Biosynthesis Products, 14—15 October 1985, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, Dusseldorf, 131-140 (1985) (in German). 

Figure 2 places the recovery process within a typical biotechnological production process. A typical recovery process can be roughly subdivided into four steps. First,... 

Schmitz R (1981) Preparation of citric acid I. A biotechnological production process. Le-rner Leisten 4 30-32... 

The biotechnological production of propionic acid has never passed the pilot plant level (Abbas and Adolfo 2000 Balamurugan et al. 1999). Feasible reasons are the fastidious fermentation process, the long cultivation time, the end-product inhibition, the low final titer, the product purity and especially the high costs of fermentation and product recovery processes (Colomban et al. 1993 Liang et al. 2012). In order to be competitive, the biotechnological production process needs to have higher productivity and reduced production costs (Sabra et al. 2013) (Table 8). 

Catechols are important intermediates in agrochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and flavor industries. However, organic chemical synthesis of these compounds by direct hydroxylation of the aromatic ring is difficult, as the reaction products are usually not stable under the reaction conditions employed (24,36,44). Biotechnological production processes for catechols are, therefore, of great interest. As outlined below, several processes based on the direct biological oxidation of aromatic structures have been studied. 

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