Core experiments testing

Samples from individual cores were hand separated at NTS from drilling mud and rock chunks. Samples were selected for the experiment if their size exceeded 1 cm diameter and if they were hard, vitreous, and radioactive. Each core yielded from one to eight pieces of material that met these criteria. Samples were obtained from four cores from Test 1, ten cores from Test 2, and five cores from Test 3. 

The light exposure test matrix includes six core experiments. L-1 is a baseline experiment for the light exposure series it examines the effeets of photolysis reaetions on the exhaust composition. Experiment L-2 examines the effeet of HO reactions on exhaust composition at relatively high NOx. Experiment L-3 is proposed to examine the effect of the... 

Thompson and Gdanski (34) also performed dual-core experiments to determine the best diversion method using foam, and the maximum permeability difference needed to achieve an equal flow rate through the core. Multiple diversion techniques were used, including foamed acid, multiple stages of foamed add, and various qualities of foamed brine. The tests showed that foamed brine reduced flow rates better than foamed add. Also, higher quality foamed brines were most effective. In order to effectively use foamed diversion fluids, the permeabilities of the zones of interest must be relatively similar. The limit on permeability differences is approximately a factor of 10. Otherwise, the more permeable zone will accept both the diversion and treatment fluids. 

A polyacrylamide and a polysaccharide (which performed best in the compatibility studies and in the core experiments) were tested for rheological and retentive behavior in the cores in a 100 percent brine environment. These tests were performed in order to examine the interaction of the pol3rmers with brines of unswept regions in the reservoir. The pol3nners were dissolved in distilled water and then mixed with 100 percent formation brine to the... 

In test tubes we had observed that, upon contacting an aqueous surfactant and polymer solution, a liquid-liquid phase separation can become visible after some time (2-40 hours). Such a phase separation could be harmful in field application, whereas it may either not show up or have only little effect in 0.3m core experiments, since these take only 24 hours. 

The simulations for this long core experiment, at 95% quality, focused on testing the validity of instantaneous foam generation assumed in STARS, provided sufficient surfactant and gas co-exist. Therefore, the foam front in the STARS model advances as the surfactant front advances, taking into account surfactant adsorption. 

On the basis of our previous results discussed above, early viral transcripts were primary candidates in the inhibition of host protein synthesis. Since in vitro transcription produces only the early species of viral transcripts (Kates and Beeson, 1970), we acquired these early species of viral RNA by means of in vitro transcription by viral cores and tested their effect on the translation of various exogenous mRNAs in in vitro cell-free systems rendered messenger dependent. The results from such experiments (Coppola and Bablanian, 1983) revealed that transcripts prepared in vitro of either 8-10 S or 4-7 S size classes inhibit globin, HeLa, and hamster cell mRNA translation in a reticulocyte cell-free protein-synthesizing system. Inhibition was observed not only under conditions where in vitro viral transcripts by themselves were capable of producing viral polypeptides, but also when low concentrations of in v/7ro-synthesized transcripts were used which were incapable of synthesizing polypeptides as determined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. In contrast, the transcripts synthesized in vitro by vaccinia virus cores had no inhibitory effect on the translation of cytoplasmic RNA obtained from vaccinia virus-infected cells at early times after infection. Therefore, this inhibitory effect, like that seen in vaccinia virus-infected cells, was selective. The vaccinia virus transcripts, synthesized in vitro, also inhibited encephalomyocarditis virus mRNA translation in the cell-free reticulocyte lysate system indicating that this inhibition does not require... 

When the chemical slug behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid, its viscosity varies with shear rate and thus with frontal-advance rate. Non-Newtonian behavior is observed in chemical slugs with and without polymer content. In principle, the viscosity of the chemical slug can be determined by measuring the viscosity at the shear rate anticipated in the core displacement tests. As discussed in Sec. 5.4.3, however, methods of estimating in-situ shear rate from rock and fluid properties are not adequate. It is necessary to determine chemical slug mobility by direct measurement in laboratory core experiments. 

In search of the solutions to these problems, USAEC also instituted a number of programs to determine long-term integrity and behavior of the fuel element sheath. Since May of 1959, the Superheat Advance Demonstration Experiment (SADE) and the subsequent Expanded SADE loops had been utilized to irradiate a total of 21 fuel elements in the Vallecitos BWR. Saturated steam at about 6.9 MPa from the Val-lecitos BWR was supplied to the fuel element section, where it was superheated to temperarnres of 418—480°C. The results of those irradiation tests combined with out-of-core corrosion tests led to the following conclusions (Novick et al., 1965) ... 

Experiments ran as expected. The main objective of the experiments was to assure that natural circulation begins when core is heated despite of initially non-existent density differences. On the other hand the experiments were planned to prove that natural circulation is efficient enough to remove the heat from core even though vessel level decreases continuously andflow changes into two-phase flow. Experiments 1-4 were clearly for varying the position of the leak and radial distribution of the core power. Test number 5 was known to be difficult to perform already during the planning of the experiments. The purpose of this experiment... 

The homogeneous reactor experiment-2 (HRE-2) was tested as a power-breeder in the late 1950s. The core contained highly enriched uranyl sulfate in heavy water and the reflector contained a slurry of thorium oxide [1314-20-1J, Th02, in D2O. The reactor thus produced fissile uranium-233 by absorption of neutrons in thorium-232 [7440-29-1J, the essentially stable single isotope of thorium. Local deposits of uranium caused reactivity excursions and intense sources of heat that melted holes in the container (18), and the project was terrninated. 

This experience will serve you well as you begin the installation process. Many of the activities and tasl will be very familiar, and rely on information you have already gathered. In particular, the pilot test will have yielded valuable tools for selling PSM if properly conducted and documented, the test will have generated a range of ideas and materials that cem serve as the core of your efforts. 

Several surfactants were studied in ambient-pressure foam tests, including alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxysulfates, alcohol ethoxyethylsulfonates, and alcohol ethoxyglycerylsuUbnates [210]. Surfactants that performed well in the 1-atm foaming experiment were also good foaming agents in site cell and core flood experiments performed in the presence of CO2 and reservoir fluids under realistic reservoir temperature and pressure conditions. 

Description of the Experiment and Apparatus. The apparatus for this experiment is shown in Figure 8. At the left side of the figure, inside the dashed box, the procedure for core saturation is shown. Initially, the core tested is saturated with 1% acidified brine solution. The saturation of the core is achieved in the following manner. 

At the conclusion of a few selected damage tests, an additional experiment was performed in which solutions containing 10% TKPP, 0.1% calcium chloride, and 0.4% magnesium chloride were pumped through the damaged cores. In each instance, the permeability of the core recovered dramatically, as shown in Figure 1. 

This, then, became the task of a small core of UCLA faculty to create an actual academic program which, by contrast with chance or the slowly accumulating scars of experience, would efficiently prepare people for the transition from the idealized, contemplative world of the university to the harsh and often political realities of environmental problem-solving. Program ideas were tested and the concept took on a recognizable structure. A program existed, even if in embryo form and only as a "bootstrap" operation, largely fueled by the after-hours effort of a number of the principals. 

In subsequent stages validation experiments were performed over monolith catalyst samples at two different scales (i) monolith core samples (up to 10 cm3) in a laboratory rig for integral reactor experiments and (ii) full-scale honeycomb monoliths (up to 43 L in size) in engine test bench runs. 

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