Polypeptides synthesizing

DMAP has been found to improve the coupling reaction in solid phase peptide synthesis (4). Polypeptides synthesized via the DMAP-DCC method were found to be of higher purity compared to other methods of synthesis. In polymer chemistry, DMAP has been used for hardening of resins and in the synthesis of polyurethanes, (5) polycarbonates, (6) and polyphenyleneoxides (7) ... 

Polyuridylic acid is a polynucleotide which can be used as a synthetic template RNA in a polypeptide synthesizing system (see Glossary for a discussion of these systems). It directs the incorporation of phenylalanine, and the product with poly U as template is polyphenylalanine. It has been observed that prior irradiation of the poly U template reduces its activity as a template.79,80 The amount of phenylalanine incorporation decreases with increasing dose of ultraviolet light, and some serine begins to become incorporated in the polypeptide chain. 

Marston, F.A.O. (1986) The purification of eukaryotic polypeptides synthesized in Escherichia coli. Biochem. J., 240, 1-12. 

In eukaryotic cells, all polypeptides synthesized by cytosolic ribosomes begin with a Met residue (rather than fMet), but, again, the cell uses a specialized initiating... 

Methionine Has Only One Codon Methionine is one of two amino acids with only one codon. How does the single codon for methionine specify both the initiating residue and interior Met residues of polypeptides synthesized by E. coli ... 

How do the polypeptide products produced in the presence of (a) puromycin and (b) streptomycin differ from polypeptides synthesized in the absence of these inhibitors Explain your answer. 

The problem of protein transport in bacterial systems is relatively simple. Polypeptides synthesized in the cytoplasm may function there, may be inserted into the plasma membrane, or may be secreted by being passed through this membrane. 

FGFs are members of a family of polypeptides synthesized by a variety of cell types during the process of embryonic development and in adult tissues. These growth factors have been detected in normal and malignant cells and show a biological profile... 

For somatostatin (a 14-residue polypeptide synthesized in the hypothalamus), the appropriate double-stranded DNA was synthesized chemically and coupled to an appropriate plasmid vector for insertion into the bacteria. Because of the small size of somatostatin, the procedure is relatively simple. 

Most polypeptides synthesized on ribosomes are later chemically modified. Thus the formyl group on the N-terminal methionine in polypeptides of bacteria is removed by a deformylase. In both bacteria and eukaryotes, the N-terminal methionine, sometimes along with a few additional amino acids, is removed by aminopeptidases. 

Villanueva, S. and Steward, 0. (2001) Protein synthesis at the synapse developmental changes, subcellular localization and regional distribution of polypeptides synthesized in isolated dendritic fragments. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 91, 148-153. 

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, or corticotropin), a polypeptide synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone, the precursor of all steroid hormones. 

Growth hormone (somatotropin) is a polypeptide synthesized and secreted by somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary. Growth hormone synthesis and secretion is stimulated by the hypothalamic peptide growth hormone-... 

Growth hormone (somatotropin) is a polypeptide synthesized and secreted by somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary. 

Polypeptides synthesized at control temperature (23°C) or under heat shock conditions (2.5 h, 40°) in wheat leaf segments. .treated with HBR (10 M,10 M) or BB... 

Figure 5. The effect of EB on the composition of polypeptides synthesized at 42°C in wheat leaves.

BSs protected cereal leaf cells from heat shock or saline stress. Leaf pre treatment with BSs decreased cell ultrastructure degradation from heat shock and high salt conditions. BSs increased HSG formation which is supposed to protect preformed mRNA in plant cells during heating. BSs enhanced heat shook resistance of the leaf protein-synthesizing system. The effect of BSs on RNA and protein synthesis was shown earlier (14). We observed protein synthesis activation in wheat leaves by BSs in normal and under stress conditions. Two-dimensional SDS-FAAGE of dS-methionine labeled proteins demonstrated BS-induced changes in the set of polypeptides synthesized in leaves and in the rate of their synthesis. 

Chirality has had a profound effect on the structural and functional properties of biomolecules. For example, the right-handed helices observed in proteins result from the exclusive presence of L-amino acids. Polypeptides synthesized in the laboratory from both D- and L- amino acids do not form helices. In addition, because the enzymes are chiral molecules, they only bind substrate molecules in one enantiomeric form. Proteases, enzymes that degrade proteins by hydrolyzing peptide bonds, cannot degrade artificial polypeptides composed of D-amino acids. 

Problem 21.48. If exons X and Y, containing 280 and 260 nucleotide units, respectively, comprise one mRNA molecule, how many amino acid residues are contained in the polypeptide synthesized from that mRNA ... 

Am. Epinephrine is a polypeptide synthesized in the adrenal cortex. It is released very quickly by any sudden environmental change sensed by the central nervous system, the fight or flight reflex. It stimulates glycogenolysis in both liver and muscle cells. It is also under control over long periods of time by cells in the hypothalamus of the brain which are sensitive to the blood concentration of glucose. Lowered glucose concentration will raise the epinephrine level. 

J.S. Guo, F.B. Meng, X.Y. Li, M.Z. Wang, YJ. Wu, X.B. Jing, Y.B. Huang, PEGylated click polypeptides synthesized by copper-free microwave-assisted thermal click polymerization for selective endotoxin removal from protein solutions, Macromol. Biosci. 12... 

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