Previous Results

The author and his students analyzed tannin levels in tips and bases of acorns that had been buried in the ground for 0, 90, and 141 days, starting from 28 October. Tannin in the tips decreased from 0 to 90 days, and then increased again until 141 days. The same was observed for extracts of whole acorns. The levels in the base of the acorn did not change at aU (see figure). (The buried acorns were also ca. 30% heavier than the ones kept in cold storage). How do you interpret these results  

Hagerman AE (1987) Radial diffusion method for determining tannin in plant extracts. J Chem Ecol 13 437-449 

Jakubas WL, Gullion, GW, Clausen TP (1989) Ruffed grouse feeding behavior and its relationship to secondary metabolites of quaking aspen flower buds. J Chem Ecol 15 1899-1918 

Peng S, Jay-AUemand C (1991) Use of antioxidants in extraction of tannins from walnut plants. J Chem Ecol 17 887-896 

Schmidt KA, Brown JS, Morgan RA (1998) Plant defenses as complementary resources a test with squirrels. OIKOS 81 130-142 

Unfortunately, this harmonic frequency is also the only one for which no experimental value has been obtained, a fact that is hardly surprising given that the relevant transitions are essentially forbidden. However, comparison with the CISDTQ and CCSD(T) values given in Table 9 leads one to infer that the OBS-GMCSC value should not be in error by more than a few cm 1, or about 0.2%. The error on Re similarly appears to be of the order of 0.2%, or 0.003 A at most. As already noted, the only experimental value of the bond length refers to Rq (1.19001 A [40]), and thus constitutes only an upper bound to Re. 

Comparison with previous theoretical results for the X 1A i state of BH3 

OBS-GMCSC Slater, double-zeta plus -26.533045 1.1890 2570 Present 

The OBS-GMCSC method offers a practical approach to the calculation of multiconfiguration electronic wavefunctions that employ non-orthogonal orbitals. Use of simultaneously-optimized Slater-type basis functions enables high accuracy with limited-size basis sets, and ensures strict compliance with the virial theorem. OBS-GMCSC wavefunctions can yield compact and accurate descriptions of the electronic structures of atoms and molecules, while neatly solving symmetry-breaking problems, as illustrated by a brief review of previous results for the boron anion and the dilithium molecule, and by newly obtained results for BH3. 

The final wavefunction for BH3 can thus be said to consist of two fully-symmetric configurations, one of them essentially a double excitation out of the other, and a symmetry-adapted linear combination of six equivalent low-symmetry configurations. The latter can be viewed as distortions of the main configuration. The wavefunction therefore includes only three truly independent configurations, and is thus readily amenable to physical interpretation, while achieving an accuracy that vouches for the significance of such interpretations. 

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In classical kinetics, intemiolecular exchange processes are quite different from the uniniolecular, first-order kinetics associated with intramolecular exchange. However, the NMR of chemical exchange can still be treated as pseudo-first-order kinetics, and all the previous results apply. One way of rationalizing this is as... 

To start, it is useful to put the previous result in a more elementary setting, familiar in the context of electromagnetic force between charged parficles, say electrons. Thus, we recapitulate as follows. 

Provided that no learning process is involved (so that the value of Pi is not influenced by previous results), the probabihty of x successes in n trials is given by the term containing pf in the expansion of the binomial ... 

The evaluation of At/ values together with off potentials are aids in deciding whether coating damage should be repaired. In addition, by comparison with previous results, intensive measurements indicate whether new coating defects have arisen. These could be the result of external foreign forces on the pipeline. 

Hence, the previous result that the system mean is the product of the component means is validated. 

Bernreuter, D. L. et al., Seismic Hazard Characterization of 69 Nuclear Plant Sites East of the Rocky Mountains, Methodology, Input Data, and Commparisons with Previous Results, Vol 1-8, January 1989,... 

If the assessment shows that the exposure approaches the limit values, so that the OEL is met but there is a probability of exceeding the limit values, subsequent measurements at appropriate intervals must be taken to ensure that the assessment situation continues to prevail. The frequency of these measurements will depend on the previous results, so that the nearer the concentration recorded comes to the limit value, the more frequently measurements must be taken under normal working conditions. However, if the values are borderline, the decision of whether exposures are below the limit values within the OEA is not clear, and a more comprehensive sampling exercise may be required using, for example, worst-case measurements. This becomes more important the fewer the measurements that have been taken, so in case of doubt the evaluation results should be verified through additional selective measurements. 

In our treatment of directional solidification above, only one diffusion field was treated explicitly, namely the compositional diffusion. If a simple material grows dendritically (thermal diffusion) one may worry about small amounts of impurities. This was reconsidered [132], confirming a qualitative previous result [133] that impurities may increase the dendritic growth rate. Recently some direct simulation results have been obtained with two coupled diffusion fields, one for heat and one for matter, but due to long computing times they are not yet in the state of standard applications [120,134]. 

A few minutes thought should convince the reader that all our previous results can be couched in the language of families of random variables and their joint distribution functions. Thus, the second-order distribution function FXtx is the same as the joint distribution function of the random variables and 2 defined by... 

Now, our previous result shows that F0(f), being the result of passing X(t) through the linear, time-invariant filter h0(t )> must have a gaussian first-order distribution therefore,... 

In this section, we shall state the final theorem necessary to give unity to the previous results if RT < CT, then reliable communication is possible with as small an error probability as desired. This remarkable theorem was first stated and essentially proved in 1948 by C. E. Shannon.10 The first rigorous proof of the theorem was given by Feinstein,11 and a number of other proofs and generalizations have subsequently been given. 

The previous results become somewhat more transparent when consideration is given to the manner in which matrix elements transform under Lorentz transformations. The matrix elements are c numbers and express the results of measurements. Since relativistic invariance is a statement concerning the observable consequences of the theory, it is perhaps more natural to state the requirements of invariance as a requirement that matrix elements transform properly. If Au(x) is a vector field, call... 

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that the techniques of quantum control, which were developed originally to study atoms and molecules, can be applied to the solid state. Previous work considered a simple example, the asymmetric double quantum well (ADQW). Results for this system showed that both the wave paeket dynamics and the THz emission can be controlled with simple, experimentally feasible laser pulses. This work extends the previous results to superlattices and chirped superlattices. These systems are considerably more complicated, because their dynamic phase space is much larger. They also have potential applications as solid-state devices, such as ultrafast switches or detectors. 

Solution This can be done by substituting the various rate equations into Equation (1.36), integrating, and applying the initial condition of Equation (1.37). Two versions of these equations can be used for a second-order reaction with two reactants. Another way is to use the previous results for... 

As mutual flame annihilation is believed to control and limit flame surface area in turbulent combustion, the previous results suggest that this mechanism could also be a source of intense noise radiation in turbulent combustors. 

For nonadhering bodies in contact in the presence of capillary condensation, the previous result for rigid solids is found to apply more generally to systems of small, hard, but deformable spheres in contact in vapor near saturation ... 

To accommodate this new finding and the previous results, we considered a new pathway (Scheme 3), in which acetate or its derivative condenses with arginine followed by decarboxylation. Such Claisen-type condensation on alpha-amino acid has some precedent in biochemical systems (6). To prove this hypothesis, we synthesized [2- C, 2-arginine and ornithine and fed to A, flos-aquae (5). 

The differences between palytoxin and PDBu with respect to kinetics, temperature dependence, and effect on low affinity binding suggest that these two different types of tumor promoters may be acting through different mechanisms. Further, in contrast to PDBu, the effect of palytoxin is not readily reversible (33). To determine where the two pathways differ, we compared the relative ability of palytoxin and PDBu to inhibit EGF binding in protein kinase C depleted cells. Swiss 3T3 cells were depleted of protein kinase C to different extents by exposing confluent quiescent cells to 0, 20, 200, or 2000 nM PDBu for 72 hr. Previous results indicate that this treatment depletes cells of protein kinase C activity in a dose-dependent manner (31). 

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