Copper cyanamide

Cyanamide, colorless crystals, m.p. 40°, is readily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. An aqueous solution of cyanamide gives a black precipitate of copper cyanamide with ammoniacal copper sulfate solution, and a yellow precipitate of silver cyanamide with ammoniacal silver nitrate. The precipitates are almost unique among the compounds of copper and silver in the respect that they are insoluble in ammonia water. 

SYNS COPPER CYANAMIDE COPPER CYANIDE (DO H CUPRIC CYANIDE (DO H CYANURE de CUrVRE (FRENCH)... 

Mitsui Toatsu Chemical, Inc. disclosed a similar process usiag Raney copper (74) shortiy after the discovery at Dow, and BASF came out with a variation of the copper catalyst ia 1974 (75). Siace 1971 several hundred patents have shown modifications and improvements to this technology, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, and reviews of these processes have been pubHshed (76). Nalco Chemical Company has patented a process based essentially on Raney copper catalyst (77) ia both slurry and fixed-bed reactors and produces acrylamide monomer mainly for internal uses. Other producers ia Europe, besides Dow and American Cyanamid, iaclude AUied CoUoids and Stockhausen, who are beheved to use processes similar to the Raney copper technology of Mitsui Toatsu, and all have captive uses. Acrylamide is also produced ia large quantities ia Japan. Mitsui Toatsu and Mitsubishi are the largest producers, and both are beheved to use Raney copper catalysts ia a fixed bed reactor and to sell iato the merchant market. 

Plants can also be pests that need to be controlled, particulady noxious weeds infesting food crops. Prior to 1900, inorganic compounds such as sulfuric acid, copper nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and potassium salts were used to selectively control mustards and other broadleaved weeds in cereal grains. By the early 1900s, Kainite and calcium cyanamid were also used in monocotyledenous crops, as well as iron sulfate, copper sulfate, and sodium arsenate. Prom 1915 to 1925, acid arsenical sprays, carbon bisulfate, sodium chlorate, and others were introduced for weed control use. Total or nonselective herbicides kill all vegetation, whereas selective compounds control weeds without adversely affecting the growth of the crop (see Herbicides). 

Although in the dry state carbon tetrachloride may be stored indefinitely in contact with some metal surfaces, its decomposition upon contact with water or on heating in air makes it desirable, if not always necessary, to add a smaH quantity of stabHizer to the commercial product. A number of compounds have been claimed to be effective stabHizers for carbon tetrachloride, eg, alkyl cyanamides such as diethyl cyanamide (39), 0.34—1% diphenylamine (40), ethyl acetate to protect copper (41), up to 1% ethyl cyanide (42), fatty acid derivatives to protect aluminum (43), hexamethylenetetramine (44), resins and amines (45), thiocarbamide (46), and a ureide, ie, guanidine (47). 

C10H12O2 536-66-3) see Nateglinide cuprous cyanide see under copper(I) cyanide cyanamide... 

Polymers Polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide were prepared by the American Cyanamid Company specifically for this project, starting with l C labelled monomer. The radioactivity level of the monomer was kept below 0.20 mC /g in order to avoid significant spontaneous polymerization, utilizing a copper inhibitor. The homopolymer was synthesized by free radical solution polymerization in water at 40°C, using monomer recrystallized from chloroform, an ammonium persulfate-sodium metabisulfite catalyst system, and isopropanol as a chain transfer agent. Sodium... 

Calcium azide, 3936 f Carbon disulfide, 0560 Chlorine dioxide, 4042 Chloroacetylene, 0652 Chloryl perchlorate, 4104 Copper(I) azide, 4287 Cyanamide, 0404 Cyanoform, 1383 Cyanogen bromide, 0313 Cyanogen chloride, 0323 Cyanogen fluoride, 0323... 

With acetone and hydrogen chloride, cyanoguanidine forms the addition compound II this jdelds melamine on treatment with alkalis at room temperature, cyanamide being eliminated. In the presence of copper or nickel hydroxide, an intermediate cyanobiguanide-complex salt can be isolated, and converted by dilute nitric acid at 20° into cyanobiguanide... 

M. Traube noted that hydrogen peroxide is formed during the slow oxidation of copper in the presence of ammonium carbonate. H. J. H. Fenton observed that when ammonium carbonate is treated with metallic sodium, cyanamide, Cy.NH2, is formed by the loss of three mols. of water 2(NH4)2C03+3Na2=6Na0H -t-3H2+2CyNH2. H. Delbriick investigated the action of potassium on the salt. 

Copper Cyan amide. See under Cyanamide and its Salts. 

The atmospheric nitrogen must be free of oxygen, which is usually accomplished by passing the air over heated copper, or by utilizing nitrogen obtained from liquid air. The calcium cyanamide obtained contains about 20 per cent, nitrogen. 

Safety Commission Consumer Products Copper (Cu) Corrosives Corticosteroids Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Cotinine Coumarins Creosote Cresols Cromolyn Cumene Cumulative Risk Assessment Cyanamide Cyanide Cyanogen Chloride Cyclodienes Cyclohexamide Cyclohexane Cyclohexene Cyclophosphamide Cyclosporine Cyfluthrin Cypermethrin Cysteine Cytochrome P-450 "2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid)" Limonene Dalapon DDT/DDE/DDD Decane DEBT (Diethyltoluamide) DEE Deferoxamine DEHP (Di-Ethyl Hexyl Phthalate) Delaney Clause Deltamethrin Deodorants Detergent Developmental Toxicology Dextromethorphan Diazepam Diazinon Diazoxide Dibenzofuran " Dib enz [a, h] anthracene" Dibromochloropropane Dibutyl phthalate Dicamba Dichlone Dichlorobenzene Dichloroethanes "Dichloroethylene, 1,1-"... 

The Italian chemical journal, Rassegna Chemica 50), contains articles on technical and industrial developments and on chemical markets in Italy. Monthly statistics on Italian chemical production (quoted from the Ministry of Industry and Commerce) include the following synthetic ammonia, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium carbonate, caustic soda, alumina, trichlorethylene, calcium carbide, carbon disulfide, explosives, superphosphates, ammonium sulfate, calcium cyanamide, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, copper sulfate, dyestuffs, ethyl alcohol, methanol, tanning extracts, tartaric acid, citric acid, wood pulp and cellulose, and sodium nitrate. 

Tetrazoles are usually prepared by the reaction of an azide with a nitrile, or an activated amide tri-n-bntyltin azide and trimethylsilyl azide are more convenient and safer reagents than azide anion in some cases copper(I) oxide catalysis in the trimethylsilyl azide protocol is very efficient for the prodnction of A-unsubstituted tetrazoles, " and arylsulfonyl cyanides react with organic azides very efficiently giving rise to 1-substitnted 5-arylsulfonyl-tetrazoles. Zinc bromide can be used to catalyse the reaction between sodinm azide and nitriles in hot water. Intramolecnlar examples involving cyanamides proceed in hot DMF. 3 In additions to nitriles, one can inclnde triethylammoninm chloride (instead of ammoninm chloride)... 

It was already recognised by the turn of the century that high doses of fertilisers, such as Chile salpetre (NaNOj), ammonium sulfate, calciiun cyanamide and kainite (KCl, MgSO SHjO) exhibit herbicidal action. Remy and Vasters (1914) were the first to observe the phenomenon of synergism in combined preparations. They established that 10% of kainite mixed with calcium cyanamide was more active than double doses of the single components used alone. A similar enhancement of action was observed by Bolley (1901) in the case of mixtures of copper sulfate and sodium arsenite. 

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