Mitsui Toatsu

Mitsui Toatsu Chemical, Inc. disclosed a similar process usiag Raney copper (74) shortiy after the discovery at Dow, and BASF came out with a variation of the copper catalyst ia 1974 (75). Siace 1971 several hundred patents have shown modifications and improvements to this technology, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, and reviews of these processes have been pubHshed (76). Nalco Chemical Company has patented a process based essentially on Raney copper catalyst (77) ia both slurry and fixed-bed reactors and produces acrylamide monomer mainly for internal uses. Other producers ia Europe, besides Dow and American Cyanamid, iaclude AUied CoUoids and Stockhausen, who are beheved to use processes similar to the Raney copper technology of Mitsui Toatsu, and all have captive uses. Acrylamide is also produced ia large quantities ia Japan. Mitsui Toatsu and Mitsubishi are the largest producers, and both are beheved to use Raney copper catalysts ia a fixed bed reactor and to sell iato the merchant market. 

The largest production of acrylamide is in Japan the United States and Europe also have large production faciUties. Some production is carried out in the Eastern Bloc countries, but details concerning quantities or processes are difficult to obtain. The principal producers in North America are The Dow Chemical Company, American Cyanamid Company, and Nalco Chemical Company (internal use) Dow sells only aqueous product and American Cyanamid sells both Hquid and sohd monomer. In Europe, Chemische Eabrik Stockhausen Cie, Ahied CoUoids, The Dow Chemical Company, and Cyanamid BV are producers Dow and American Cyanamid are the only suppHers to the merchant market, and crystalline monomer is available from American Cyanamid. Eor Japan, producers are Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Mitsui Toatsu, and Nitto Chemical Industries Company (captive market). Crystals and solutions are available from Mitsui Toatsu and Mitsubishi, whereas only solution monomer is available from Nitto. 

Jpn. Kokai 75 82008 (July 3,1975), K. Yamamoto and co-workers (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.). 

Atochem, France (EA) Ethyl Corp., United States (EC) Great Lakes, United States (GL) ISC Chemicals, Ltd. United Kingdom (ISC) Manac Inc., Japan (MI) Mambishi, Japan (M) Mitsui Toatsu Fiae Chemicals, Inc., Japan (MT) Nippon Chemicals Corp., Ltd., Japan (NC) Teijia, Japan (T) Tosoh, Japan (TS) Warwick International, United Kingdom (WI) CECA, SA, France (CECA). 

LARC-TPI is a linear thermoplastic PI which can be processed ia the imide form to produce large-area, void-free adhesive bonds. Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc., has obtained Hcense to produce this product commercially for appHcations such as adhesives, films, mol ding compounds, etc. These are thermooxidatively stable and show essentially no loss ia weight at 300°C ia air. Weight loss does not exceed 2—3% after isothermal aging ia air at 300°C for 550 h. 

Jptt Kokai 1133909 (May 26, 1989), T. Kyora (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals). 

Attempts have been made to develop methods for the production of aromatic isocyanates without the use of phosgene. None of these processes is currently in commercial use. Processes based on the reaction of carbon monoxide with aromatic nitro compounds have been examined extensively (23,27,76). The reductive carbonylation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene [121 -14-2] to toluene 2,4-diaLkylcarbamates is reported to occur in high yield at reaction temperatures of 140—180°C under 6900 kPa (1000 psi) of carbon monoxide. The resultant carbamate product distribution is noted to be a strong function of the alcohol used. Mitsui-Toatsu and Arco have disclosed a two-step reductive carbonylation process based on a cost effective selenium catalyst (22,23). 

Isobutjiene [115-11-7] or tert-huty alcohol can be converted to methacrylic acid in a two-stage, gas-phase oxidation process via methacrolein as an intermediate. The alcohol and isobutjiene may be used interchangeably in the processes since tert-huty alcohol [75-65-0] readily dehydrates to yield isobutjiene under the reaction conditions in the initial oxidation. Variations of this process have been commercialized by Mitsubishi Rayon and by a joint venture of Sumitomo and Nippon Shokubai. Nippon Kayaku, Mitsui Toatsu, and others have also been active in isobutjiene oxidation research. 

The first-stage catalysts for the oxidation to methacrolein are based on complex mixed metal oxides of molybdenum, bismuth, and iron, often with the addition of cobalt, nickel, antimony, tungsten, and an alkaU metal. Process optimization continues to be in the form of incremental improvements in catalyst yield and lifetime. Typically, a dilute stream, 5—10% of isobutylene tert-huty alcohol) in steam (10%) and air, is passed over the catalyst at 300—420°C. Conversion is often nearly quantitative, with selectivities to methacrolein ranging from 85% to better than 95% (114—118). Often there is accompanying selectivity to methacrylic acid of an additional 2—5%. A patent by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals reports selectivity to methacrolein of better than 97% at conversions of 98.7% for a yield of methacrolein of nearly 96% (119). 

Mitsui Toatsu 135 Moutedisou slurry, Mitsui Toatsu... 

The DADC monomer is available from several manufacturers, such as PPG Industries (CR-39 ), Akzo (Nouryset 200), Enichem (RAV) Rhone-Poulenc (XR-80), Tokuyama Soda (TS-16), and Mitsui Toatsu (MR-3). 

Jptt Kokai Tokkyo Koho 59 08,710 (fan. 18, 1984) (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemical Company). 

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