Convulsions, in infants

It is indicated to prevent and treat isoniazid, hydralazine, penicillamine and cycloserine induced neurological disturbances, mental symptoms in women on oral contraceptives, pyridoxine responsive anaemia and homocystinuria, morning sickness and hyperemesis gravidarum, convulsions in infants and children. 

Desmodium pulcheilum Benth.ex Baker Leguminosae Chi, Mai, Ids, Phi - convulsions in infants 35... 

Therapy vitamin Be-dependent hypochrome anemia and convulsions in infants, seborrheic dermatitis, glossitis, neuritis peripherica, decreased formation of antibodies, cerebral convulsions with EEG changes... 

Severe urea cycle defects become manifest in infants with a severe syndrome of coma, convulsions and vomiting during the first few days of life. Clinical confusion with septicemia is common, and many infants are treated futilely with antibiotics. Hyperammonemia is usually severe, even in excess of 1 mmol/1 (normal in term infants <100 xmol/l). 

An epidemic of intoxication from ingestion of fish contaminated with methyl mercury occurred in the Minamata district in Japan, and, as a result, methyl mercury intoxication is often referred to as Minamata disease." Infants born to mothers with exposure to large amounts of methyl mercury had microen-cephaly, mental retardation, and cerebral palsy with convulsions. In an incidence in Iraq, ingestion of wheat products contaminated with methyl mercury fungicide by pregnant women caused similar symptoms of neurological damage and mental retardation. The fetus is... 

Rectal administration Rectally administered barbiturates are absorbed from the colon and are used occasionally in infants for prolonged convulsive states, or when oral or parenteral administration may be undesirable. 

Although all of the benzodiazepines are similar, certain ones are employed more for the treatment of seizure disorders. Clonazepam was the first benzodiazepine approved in the United States specihcally for the treatment of convulsive disorders. Clonazepam is a very long acting compound with potent anticonvulsant activity. Unfortunately, sedation and tolerance tend to hmit its usefulness. Drooling and hypersalivation may be troublesome in children and in infants. 

Phenolic disinfectants are used for hard surface decontamination in hospitals and laboratories, eg, floors, beds, and counter or bench tops. They are not recommended for use in nurseries and especially in bassinets, where their use has been associated with hyperbilirubinemia. Use of hexachlorophene as a skin disinfectant has caused cerebral edema and convulsions in premature infants and occasionally in adults. 

Vitamin B6 1.5-2 mg/day 0.4 mg/day for infants. Vitamin B6 is widely distributed in foods, and symptoms of severe deficiency are seldom observed. However, a number of cases of convulsions have been attributed to partial destruction of vitamin B6 in infant liquid milk formulas. Convulsions occurred when the vitamin B6 content was reduced to about one-half that normally present in human milk. 

Mebendazole Accidental mebendazole poisoning in infants is associated with convulsions, respiratory arrest, and tachyarrhythmia.181 If administered concomitantly, mebendazole interacts with phenytoin, carbamazepine, and cimetidine. 

Another report has suggested that effects in the neonate may be due to withdrawal from maternal antidepressants after birth (136). Two cases of neonatal convulsions have been reported in infants whose mothers had been treated with clomipramine. In both cases the seizures occurred on the first day of life coincident with a fall in plasma clomipramine concentrations. In one case the convulsions were controlled by administration of clomipramine followed by tapered withdrawal. 

Bessey OA, Adam DJD, and HansenAE (1957) Intake ofvitamin Be and infantile convulsions a first approximation to the requirements of pyridoxine in infants. Pediatrics 20, 33-44. 

SAFETY PROFILE A human poison by ingestion and possibly other routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact and subcutaneous routes in humans, Poison experimentally by inhalation and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic experimentally by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Human systemic effects anorexia, changes in kidney tubules, nausea or vomiting, wakefulness. Ingestion or absorption by other routes may also cause diarrhea, abdominal cramps, erj thematous lesions on skin and mucous membranes, circulatory collapse, tachycardia, cyanosis, delirium, convulsions, and coma. Death has occurred from ingestion of less than 5 g in infants, and from 5 to 20 g in adults. 

The discrepancies between the amount of pyridoxine required to suppress abnormal xanthurenic acid excretion and to eliminate the convulsions in these infants suggests that an aberrant metabolism of trypto-... 

In overdose, aminophenazone mainly affects the central nervous system, causing coma and convulsions, and the liver (16). Fatal intoxication has occurred in infants (17). 

The effects of indometacin during lactation are unclear. Convulsions in a breast-fed infant were linked to indometacin in the milk (54). 

Eeg-Olofsson O, Mahnros I, Elwin CE, Steen B. Convulsions in a breast-fed infant after maternal indomethacin. Lancet 1978 2(8082) 215. 

Fatal cases of accidental overdosage have been reported in infants the complications leading to death were either pulmonary edema or convulsions. The latter can be due to hyperosmolarity (leading to hypertonic dehydration) or to the chemical toxicity of the contrast agent. 

Hunt AD Jr, Stokes J Jr, McCrory WW, Stroud HH. Pyridoxine dependency report of a case of intractable convulsions in an infant controlled by pyridoxine. Pediatrics 1954 13(2) 140-5. 

Based on a retrospective investigation of theophylline-induced convulsions in epileptic children, it was concluded that infants under 1 year of age with epilepsy have a higher risk of theophylline-induced convulsions theophyUine should be avoided in this group (34). 

Under these conditions the plasma protein concentration decreases. Sodium is an emetic intake of excess sodium leads to nausea and vomiting. The accidental substitution of table salt for sugar has resulted in sodium poisoning in infants. These infants experienced increased body temperature, muscle twitching, and convulsions in some cases, their kidneys were damaged. Sodium compounds with high pH values in solution (e.g., sodium hydroxide) are extremely corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes. 

Paradoxical Reaction (particularly in children) manifested as excitation, nervousness, tremors, hyperactive reflexes, convulsions. CNS depression has occurred in infants and young children (respiratory depression, sleep apnea, SIDS). Long-term therapy may produce extrapyramidal symptoms noted as dystonia (abnormal movements), pronounced motor restlessness (most frequently occurs in children), and parkinsonian symptoms (esp. noted in elderly). Blood dyscrasias, particularly agranulocytosis, have occurred. 

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