Flowering controlling

Holton, T.A. et al., Cloning and expression of cytochrome P450 genes controlling flower colour. Nature, 366, 276, 1993. 

Uses Technical diquat dibromide is more than 95% pure and forms white to yellow crystals. It is used to desiccate potato vines and seed crops, to control flowering of sugarcane, and for industrial and aquatic weed control. It is not residual (i.e., it does not leave any trace of herbicide on or in plants, soil, or water). Diquat dibromide is a nonselective, quick-acting herbicide and plant growth regulator, causing injury only to the parts of the plant to which it is applied. Diquat dibromide is referred to as a desiccant because it causes a leaf or entire plant to dry out quickly. 

DE VETTEN, N, QUATTROCCfflO, F MOL, J., KOES, R., The anil locus controlling flower pigmentation in petunia encodes a novel WD-repeat protein conserved in yeast, plants, and animals, Genes Dev., 1997,11, 1422-1434. 

In belladonna plants deuteration had a drastic effect on flower development (25). The number of calyx lobes, corolla lobes, and stamens, while invariably 5 in control flowers, increased to as many as 9 or 10 in plants grown in 70 percent D2O medium. Abnormally shaped berries formed in plants grown in heavy water. The extent of malformation depended,on the D2O content of the medium and how late in the life cycle of the plant that the berry formed. The shapes ranged from pear-shaped to dumbbell-shaped to cylindrical. The misshapened berries resulted from the tenacity with which the corolla remained attached to the ripening berry in deuterated plants. As the berry enlarged, a constriction developed where the corolla was attached to the berry. The size and number of seeds were severely reduced in deuterated berries with only a few rudimentary seeds apparent in the 70 percent berries. 

Coen, E. and Meyerowitz, E. M. (1991). The war of the whorls genetic interactions controlling flower development. Nature, 353,31-37. 

Naphthalene acetic acid is used to thin apple and pear blossoms and to control apple and pear preharvest drop (10). It also is used to induce flowering in pineapple, but conversely inhibits sprouting in potatoes, sweet potatoes, and turnips (Brassica rapd) (23). It also is used to promote rooting in... 

Sandalwood Oil, East Indian. The use of sandalwood oil for its perfumery value is ancient, probably extending back some 4000 years. Oil from the powdered wood and roots of the tree Santalum album L. is produced primarily in India, under government control. Good quaUty oil is a pale yellow to yellow viscous Hquid characterized by an extremely soft, sweet—woody, almost ariimal—balsarnic odor. The extreme tenacity of the aroma makes it an ideal blender—fixative for woody-Oriental—floral fragrance bases. It also finds extensive use for the codistillation of other essential oils, such as rose, especially in India. There the so-called attars are made with sandalwood oil distilled over the flowers or by distillation of these flowers into sandalwood oil. The principal constituents of sandalwood oil are shown in Table 11 (37) and Figure 2. 

The coffee plant is a relatively small tree or shmb belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It is often controlled to a height of 3 to 5 meters. Coffea arabica (milds) accounts for 69% of world production Coffea canephora (robustas), 30% and Coffea liberica and others, 1%. Each of these species includes several varieties. After the spring rains the plant produces white flowers. About sis months later the flowers are replaced by fmit approximately the size of a small cherry, hence they are called cherry. The fmit on a tree can include underripe, ripe (red, yellow, and purple color), and overripe cherries. It can be selectively picked (ripe only) or strip picked (predominantly ripe plus some underripe and overripe). 

Forest systems also act as sources of CO2 when controlled or uncontrolled burning and decay of litter occur. In addition, release of ethylene occurs during the flowering of various species. One additional form of emission to the atmosphere is the release of pollen grains. Pollen is essential to the reproductive cycle of most forest systems but becomes a human health hazard for individuals susceptible to hay fever. The contribution of sulfur from forests in the form of dimethyl sulfide is considered to be about 10-25% of the total amount released by soils and vegetation (12). 

The compounds featured in Table 1.1 are considered briefly here. Pyrethrins are lipophilic esters that occur in Chrysanthemum spp. Extracts of flower heads of Chrysanthemum spp. contain six different pyrethrins and have been used for insect control (Chapter 12). Pyrethrins act upon sodium channels in a manner similar to p,p -DDT. The highly successful synthetic pyrethroid insecticides were modeled on natural pyrethrins. 

---