Control health risks

Controlling health risks from rosin (colophony) based solder fluxes How HSE assesses offshore safety cases WASP - Quality assmance for chemical analysis... 

Hydrocarbon based solvents have a valuable role in many industrial processes. However, a well-known hazard of many hydrocarbon solvents is their flammability, but they can also have damaging effects on the environment and harm human health. Emphasis is placed on the latter. Some of the ill health effects are described together with how solvents users can get information on these the UK approach to control, including the role of occupational exposure limits a comparison of UK limits with those in other EU Member States and finally a new approach taken by the UK Health Safety Executive to help companies control health risks. 6 refs. 

Brooke, 1. M. (1998). A UK scheme to help small firms control health risks from chemicals toxicological considerations, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Vol. 42, No 6 pp 377-390. 

Determine Critical Control Points. A critical control point (CCP) is any point in the process where loss of control may result in an unacceptable health risk. A CCP is estabhshed for each identified hazard. The emergence of foodbome pathogens has taught food processors the importance of potential product contamination from the processing environment. 

Airstream neutralization of acid aerosols by NH3 present in the airway-lumen reduces the health risk associated with acid particles by reducing the acid concentration prior to particle deposition.- In addition, the liquid lining of the respiratory tract probably acts as a chemical buffer," further reducing the health hazard posed by inspired acid particles. Principal factors controlling airstream neutralization of acid aerosols, which is considered to be a diffusion-limited process, are particle surface area, and particle... 

What arc the general duties of state, territorial, and local air pollution control agencies as they relate to health risk assessments ... 

FATE will neither undertake nor continue any operations whose associated health risks it docs not understand or camiot control at a safe level. 

Karasek, R. A. (1990). Lower health risk with increased job control among white collar workers. /. Org. Behav., 11, 171-85. 

As discussed in Chapter 4, chemicals can be a nuisance or pose health risks if they become airborne as a result of inadequate process control, operation and maintenance malpractice, inadequate maintenance, incomplete understanding of the process etc. Hazards may arise if the oxygen concentration in the air fluctuates beyond its normal level of 21% by volume, and fire/explosion dangers may arise from the presence of flammable gases, vapours or dusts in the atmosphere. Thus air quality tests may be required for a variety of purposes such as ... 

Because exposure to radiation is a health risk, the administration of radioactive isotopes must be monitored and controlled carefully. Isotopes that emit alpha or beta particles are not used for Imaging, because these radiations cause substantial tissue damage. Specificity for a target organ is essential so that the amount of radioactive material can be kept as low as possible. In addition, an Isotope for medical Imaging must have a decay rate that is slow enough to allow time to make and administer the tracer compound, yet fast enough rid the body of radioactivity in as short a time as possible. 

If leaks, spills or uncontrolled releases of a hazardous substance could occur, means are required for limiting the extent of health risks and for regaining adequate control as soon as possible. Where appropriate means should include ... 

Health Risk Estimates for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodloxln in Soil," Centers for Disease Control, Morbidity and Mortality, Weekly Report, 1984. 

High hazard material - selection of lower hazard material recommended if I substitution is not feasible perform health risk assessment and adopt exposure control strategy to reduce health risks... 

Hazard material perform health risk assessment and adopt exposure control strategy to reduce health risks... 

No differences were noted in the litter sizes among those treated and the controls. No differences were noted in the number of stillborn pups or in pup weights. The study authors concluded that there was no evidence of adverse diisopropyl methylphosphonate-induced reproductive effects. However, as discussed in Section 2.2.2.1, there is some confusion regarding the actual doses to which the animals were exposed in the Hardisty et al. (1977) study. Therefore, results from this study are considered inappropriate for human health risk assessment. 

Hydrogen chloride and chlorine gases form when chlorinated organic compounds in hazardous wastes are burned. If uncontrolled, this chlorine can become a human health risk and is a large component in the formation of acid rain. U.S. EPA has developed different requirements to control the emissions of chlorine from the different classes of combustion units. 

The purpose of an exposure and risk assessment is to characterize the magnitude and extent of human or environmental exposure to selected pollutants and to quantify the potential adverse effects of those exposures. The assessment can be used both to provide a baseline estimate of existing health risks attributable to an environmental pollutant and to determine the potential reduction in exposure and risk for various control options. Exposure and risk assessments are playing an increasingly central role in... 

Anaerobic conditions in wastewater of sewer systems may give rise to formation of volatile substances that are typically identified by a number of problems, like malodors, health risks and corrosion. The conditions and processes related to such problems are dealt with in Section 3.2.2. Further information on measurement, modeling and control of odors can be found in Stuetz and Frechen (2001). 

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