Offshore Safety Assessment

Wang, J. 2002. A brief review of marine and offshore safety assessment. Marine Technology 39 (2) 77-85. 

Chapter 4 describes both the offshore safety case approach and formal safety assessment of ships. The current practices and the latest development in safety assessment in both the marine and offshore industries are described. The relationship between the offshore safety case approach and formal ship safety assessment is described and discussed. The study of risk criteria in marine and offshore safety assessment is carried out. The recommendations on further work required are finally given. 

Wang J., (2002) A Brief Review of Marine and Offshore Safety Assessment , Marine Technology, SNAME, Vol. 39, No. 2, April, pp. 77-85. 

In offshore safety assessment, a high level of uncertainty in failure data has been a major concern that is highlighted in the UKOOA s framework for risk related decision support. Different approaches need to be applied with respect to different levels of uncertainty. 

Sii H.S., (2001) Marine and Offshore Safety Assessment , PhD Thesis, Staffordshire University/Liverpool John Moores University, UK. 

Controlling health nsks from rosin (colophony) based solder fluxes How HSE assesses offshore safety cases WASP - Quality assurance for chemical analysis... 

In practice, it is likely that the company s own auditors and audit systems will have to be Incorporated into the ISP work, as discussed below. BSEE will not maintain a list of qualified auditors. Instead, an operating company will propose a person, who will then be either accepted or rejected by BOEMRE. The Center for Offshore Safety plays an important role in the assessment of potential ISPs. 

Although there is no specific requirement to estimate group risk, the assessment principles for offshore safety cases, HSE (2006a), indicates a need for a safety case to demonstrate temporary refuge (TR) integrity -this could be considered as a measure of societal risk. 

HSE 2006a Assessment principles for offshore safety cases (APOSC) HSE 2006... 

Khan, E I., Sadiq, R, Husain, T. 2002. Risk-based process safety assessment and control measures design for offshore process facilities. Journal of Hazardous Materials A94 1-36. 

HSE (2006). Assessment Principles for Offshore Safety Cases (APOSC), Health and Safety Executive 30. 

Any significant changes to the way a service is implemented (e.g. offshored) may require a specific safety assessment. 

The two dominant offshore cultures at the time—the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico—each vigorously reacted to the report s findings, but those responses were different from one another. Companies operating in the North Sea had already put in place a Safety Case culture (which included Formal Safety Assessments). However, The Cullen Report was very critical of the manner in which many of the safety cases had been prepared and implemented. In response to this criticism, companies operating in the North Sea (and late in other areas such as Australia and Southeast Asia) made great strides in improving the quality and implementation of their safety cases (Chapter 6 discusses the Safety Case technique). 

The paradigm shift that The Cullen Report emphasized was to move toward a performance and risk-based approach to offshore safety management through the use of upgraded and much more thorough Safety Cases. The report also stressed the importance of Formal Safety Assessments that address issues such as fire and explosion analysis and the design of escape routes. 

The State of California has a Safety Assessment Management System (SAMS) for the control and management of offshore facilities. It falls under the jurisdiction of the California State Lands Commission, and its enforcement relies to a large extent on a cooperative relationship between the state and offshore operators. 

Vanem E., Puisa R., Skjong R. 2009. Standardized risk models for formal safety assessment of maritime transportation. In ASME 28th international conference on ocean, offshore and arctic engineering (OMAE2009), 2009. p. 51-61. 

Wang, J. Offshore Safety Case Approach and Formal Safety Assessment of Ships. Journal of Safety Research 33, no. 1 (2002) 81-115. 

The safety analysis techniques described in this book will facilitate ship safety assessment in various situations. They ean be tailored for safety analysis of any maritime and offshore engineering product with domain-specific knowledge. As some of these approaches described are subjective in nature, they may be more applicable for many engineering applications that lack reliable failure data. 

Formal Safety Assessment of Ships and Its Relation to Offshore Safety Case Approach... 

Keywords Formal safety assessment, marine safety, offshore safety, risk assessment, safety case. 

Conventional safety assessment methods and cost benefit analysis approaches can be used to prepare a safety case. As the safety culture in the offshore industry changes, more flexible and convenient risk assessment methods and decision making approaches can be employed to facilitate the preparation of a safety case. The UKOOA framework for risk related decision support can provide an umbrella under which various risk assessment and decision making tools are employed. 

Software safety analysis is another area where further study is required. In recent years, advances in computer technology have been increasingly used to fulfil control tasks to reduce human error and to provide operators with a better working environment in ships. This has resulted in the development of more and more software intensive systems. However, the utilisation of software in control system has introduced new failure modes and created problems in the development of safety-critical systems. The DCR-1996 has dealt with this issue in the UK offshore industry. In formal ship safety assessment, every safety-eritical system also needs to be investigated to make sure that it is impossible or extremely unlikely that its behaviour will lead to a catastrophic failure of the system and also to provide evidence for both the developers and the assessment authorities that the risk associated with the software is acceptable within the overall system risks (Wang (1997)). 

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