Concrete reinforcement, textile fiber

For various applications, carbon fiber staple yarns are processed into woven and noncrimp fabrics, which are used for building components and as prepregs. Textile structures of carbon filaments are used in composite plastics and with fiber-reinforced concrete. Furthermore, short fibers down to 6 mm in length are used. 

Mineral textiles contribute higher performance properties to textiles from which they are composed. Basalt and asbestos fibers, for example, have resiliencies suited for textile-type sheetings, flame-resistant blankets, and stage curtains. Silica-based (glass) fibers offer strong reinforcement properties, making them suitable for flame-retardant and protective textiles, such as in spacesuit fabric constructions. Furthermore, metal fiber reinforcements are useful as a weave of steel wire for concrete reinforcement in construction. 

Abstract. In the 60ties engineers started to combine short glass fibers with a concrete matrix. Today engineers combine endless fibers with the concrete matrix. Hence, the so called textile-reinforced concrete offers more and more opportunities to manufacture consumer goods like desks or chairs and to build face elements for houses and even load-bearing structures. This revolution is only feasible because a lot of research work has been done - into textile, into concrete, into the combination and the bonding. 

In comparison to steel and steel reinforced concrete, a distinction of FRP composites is their usually ortho tropic mechanical behavior. The strongest direction is always in parallel to that of the fiber direction. Strength and stiffness of a FRP component depend on the orientation of the fibers and quantity of fibers oriented in each direction. Bundles of parallel fibers are called roving. Different textiles... 

Kikukawa et al [226] describe the use of carbon fiber textiles for the reinforcement of concrete floor slabs. 

Kikukawa K, Mutoh K, Ohya H, Ohyama Y, Tanaka H, Watanabe K, Flexural reinforcement of concrete floor slabs by carbon fiber textiles. Composite Interfaces, 5(5), 469-478, 1998. Katsumata H, Yagi K, Applications of retrofit method with carbon fiber for existing reinforced concrete structures, Obayashi Corp. and Mitsubishi Kasei Corp. Presented at 22nd joint UJNR panel meeting on Repair and Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Structures, National Institute for standards and Testing (NIST), Gaithersburg, 1990. 

Bournas, D. A., Lontou, P. V., Papanicolaou, C. G. and Triantalillou, T. C. (2007), Textile-reinforced mortar versus fiber-reinforced polymer confinement in reinforced concrete columns , ACl Structural Journal, Vol. 104, Issue 6, pp. 740-748. 

Wool fibers, just like other natural fibers as silk and cotton, have a lower absorption of UV radiation, as compared to synthetic fibers such as PET [75]. Still, wool displays a strong absorption in the range 280-400 nm and even over 400 nm. Most of its applications concern textiles manufacturing, using raw or treated wool fibers [76-78], but it is of recent interest in structural applications as reinforcement in construction materials such as concrete, cementatious or geopolymer formulations [79]. 

This chapter presents the materials used for the seismic retrofit of structures covered by modem retrofit design codes and recommendations such as reinforced concrete, steel, and composite stmetures as well as masonry stmetures (EC8-3 2005 FEMA 547 2006 Fardis 2009 CNR-DT 200/2004). It discusses materials for both repair and strengthening of contemporary stmetures with special focus on reinforced concrete buildings and bridges (Priestley et al. 1996 Fardis 2009) as well as on advanced materials (high-performance cement-based materials, shape-memory alloys, fiber-reinforced polymers, textile-reinforced mortars, etc.). 

Hence, concrete is reinforced with special textile structures such as multiaxial muiti-piy fabrics, braids, and muitiiayer woven fabrics. Glass filaments are widely used owing to their iow price. Carbon fiiaments are also used in special applications but normaiiy are too expensive a fiber material. 

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