Textile types

However, motor speed was also the first function in washing machines to be electronically controlled. The standard nowadays are controllable AC- or DC-mo-tors. Depending on the textile type or wash program, such drives can be used to achieve optimal wash speeds, reversing rhythms and activation times. Usually a tachogenerator on the motor is used as a speed sensor. Such a smaller modem motor, connected to a small electronic control unit, is shown on the right hand side of Fig. 3.2. 

Typical force-elongation curves of some manufactured and natural staple fibers and textile-type manufactured filaments are shown in Figs 12.1 and 12.2. Table 12.1 gives the values of some of the physical and tensile properties of textile fibers. 

Nylon. In 1939 the DuPont Company introduced the first truly synthetic textile fiber. Dr. Wallace Carothers invented nylon as a result of his basic research into polymer science. Chemically, nylon is a polyamide fiber. The two major types of nylon polymer are used in textiles type 6,6 which is made by using hexam-ethylene glycol and adipic acid, and type 6, which is made by polymerizing e-caprolactam. Nylon fibers are made by melt-spinning the molten polymer. The result is a continuous filament fiber of indeterminate length. It is spun in many deniers, with its diameter varying from 10 to 50 microns. The cross-section usually is round, trilobal, or square with hollow channels when used as carpet fiber. 

Table 8.3 High-magnification microscopic methods for textiles types of contrast and illumination ...

As Muthu et al. (2012a) describe, more work is needed to accurately assess environmental benefits of integrating recycled materials into new products. The sheer diversity in textile types leads to difficulty in separating fibres for efficient recycling, with the energy expended to collect, sort and manufacmre the shoddy into a new product complicating the analysis. 

Fiber spinning process Melting spinning is the common process used to make textile-type polyolefin fibers (UHMWPE is an exception due to its ultra-high molecular weight as will be seen later). The process of making continuous filament yam consists of the following steps [2] ... 

Metallocene polymerization makes it possible to make SB and MB fibers with finer diameter which translates into softer fabrics and textile-type SB and MB nonwovens [17, 18]. 

Table 25.1 Typical test methods depending on textile type and application... 

Mineral textiles contribute higher performance properties to textiles from which they are composed. Basalt and asbestos fibers, for example, have resiliencies suited for textile-type sheetings, flame-resistant blankets, and stage curtains. Silica-based (glass) fibers offer strong reinforcement properties, making them suitable for flame-retardant and protective textiles, such as in spacesuit fabric constructions. Furthermore, metal fiber reinforcements are useful as a weave of steel wire for concrete reinforcement in construction. 

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